Immunohistochemical analysis of adiponectin in atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of interrelated disorders including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (HTN) plays an important role in development of atherosclerotic lesions in arterial wall. Dysregulation of adipose tissue hormones (adipokines) production is a possible link between abdominal obesity and other manifestations of metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin is a well-known adipokine which affects metabolism and inflammatory response. However, data on its role in atherogenesis are still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate whether adiponectin is present in atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta. METHODS: Thirty-five autopsy segments from abdominal, thoracic aortas, and aortic arch of four men (mean age: 57 years) were fixed and stained for lipids [Oil Red O (ORO)], cells [hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)], and adiponectin [indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) method]. Samples of both stable and unstable plaques were selected for analysis. Human adipose tissue, THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, and human endothelial hybrid cell line (EA.hy926) were chosen for detection of adiponectin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Adiponectin accumulations were found inside endothelial cells covering both stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Focal depositions of adiponectin were also found in fibrous caps of stable lesions and atheromatous core of both stable and unstable plaques and also in adventitia. RT-PCR revealed mRNA expression of adiponectin gene in adipose tissue, but not in mononuclears and endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin is present in aortic plaques of humans, but is not synthesized in endothelial cells and mononuclears, at least in culture conditions. Detection of adiponectin in atherosclerotic lesions can serve as indirect evidence of possible participation of this adipokine in atherogenesis.