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Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes
As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224450 |
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author | Gray, Naudia Halstead, Mary Gonzalez-Jimenez, Nathalie Valentin-Blasini, Liza Watson, Clifford Pappas, R. Steven |
author_facet | Gray, Naudia Halstead, Mary Gonzalez-Jimenez, Nathalie Valentin-Blasini, Liza Watson, Clifford Pappas, R. Steven |
author_sort | Gray, Naudia |
collection | PubMed |
description | As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method’s limits of detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb respectively. Liquids analyzed were from different brands and flavors of refill bottles or single-use, rechargeable, and pod devices from different years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy further evaluated the device components’ compositions. Refill liquids before contacting a device were below lowest reportable levels (LRL) for all metals. Copper and zinc were elevated in liquids from devices containing brass. Cadmium was <LRL in all liquids and was not observed in device components. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb, reported in µg/g, ranged from <LRL to 0.396, 4.04, 903, 454, 0.898, and 13.5 respectively. Elevated metal concentrations in the liquid were also elevated in aerosol from the corresponding device. The data demonstrates the impact of device design and materials on toxic metals in ENDS liquid. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6888324 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68883242019-12-09 Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes Gray, Naudia Halstead, Mary Gonzalez-Jimenez, Nathalie Valentin-Blasini, Liza Watson, Clifford Pappas, R. Steven Int J Environ Res Public Health Article As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method’s limits of detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb respectively. Liquids analyzed were from different brands and flavors of refill bottles or single-use, rechargeable, and pod devices from different years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy further evaluated the device components’ compositions. Refill liquids before contacting a device were below lowest reportable levels (LRL) for all metals. Copper and zinc were elevated in liquids from devices containing brass. Cadmium was <LRL in all liquids and was not observed in device components. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb, reported in µg/g, ranged from <LRL to 0.396, 4.04, 903, 454, 0.898, and 13.5 respectively. Elevated metal concentrations in the liquid were also elevated in aerosol from the corresponding device. The data demonstrates the impact of device design and materials on toxic metals in ENDS liquid. MDPI 2019-11-13 2019-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6888324/ /pubmed/31766137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224450 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gray, Naudia Halstead, Mary Gonzalez-Jimenez, Nathalie Valentin-Blasini, Liza Watson, Clifford Pappas, R. Steven Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title | Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title_full | Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title_fullStr | Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title_short | Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes |
title_sort | analysis of toxic metals in liquid from electronic cigarettes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224450 |
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