Anti-Cancer Activity of a 5-Aminopyrazole Derivative Lead Compound (BC-7) and Potential Synergistic Cytotoxicity with Cisplatin against Human Cervical Cancer Cells

The use of some very well-known chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, is limited by toxicity in normal tissues and the development of drug resistance. In order to address drug resistance and the side-effects of anti-cancer agents, recent research has focused on finding novel combinations of anti-cancer agents with non-overlapping mechanisms of action. The cytotoxic effect of the synthetic 5-aminopyrazole derivative N-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-carbamothioyl]-4-chloro-benzamide (BC-7) was evaluated by the bis-Benzamide H 33342 trihydrochloride/propidium iodide (Hoechst 33342/PI) dual staining method against HeLa, MeWo, HepG2, Vero, and MRHF cell lines. Quantitative fluorescence image analysis was used for the elucidation of mechanism of action and synergism with cisplatin in HeLa cells. BC-7 displayed selective cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells (IC(50) 65.58 ± 8.40 μM) and induced apoptosis in a mitochondrial- and caspase dependent manner. This was most likely preceded by cell cycle arrest in the early M phase and the onset of mitotic catastrophe. BC-7 increased the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in a synergistic manner with combination index (CI) values less than 0.9 accompanied by highly favourable dose reduction indices. Therefore, the results obtained support the implication that BC-7 has potential anti-cancer properties and that combinations of BC-7 with cisplatin should be further investigated for potential clinical applications.