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State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment
Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31718056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224417 |
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author | Hibbert, Kathleen Tulve, Nicolle S. |
author_facet | Hibbert, Kathleen Tulve, Nicolle S. |
author_sort | Hibbert, Kathleen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how they impact children’s health and well-being. To do this, we conducted a state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in this review were identified through a search of the peer-reviewed literature using PubMed and PsycINFO. Combinations of words associated with non-chemical stressors and children were used to form search strings. Filters were used to limit the search to studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000–2016 and written in English. Publications found using the search strings and filters went through two rounds of screening. Results: A total of 146 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, 245 non-chemical stressors were evaluated. The non-chemical stressors were then organized into 13 general topic areas: acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, economic, education, family dynamics, food, greenspace, neighborhood, social, stress, urbanicity, violence, and other. Additional information on health outcomes, studies evaluating both chemical and non-chemical stressors, and animal studies are provided. This review provides evidence that non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment do influence their health and well-being in both beneficial (e.g., salutatory effects of greenspace and social support) and adverse (e.g., poor relationships between health and selected non-chemical stressors such as economics, educational attainment, exposure to violence, stress) ways. Conclusions: This literature review identified a paucity of studies addressing the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors and children’s health and well-being. This literature review was further complicated by inconsistencies in terminology, methodologies, and the value of non-chemical stressor research in different scientific disciplines. Despite these limitations, this review showed the importance of considering non-chemical stressors from a child’s social environment when addressing children’s environmental health considerations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6888402 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68884022019-12-09 State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment Hibbert, Kathleen Tulve, Nicolle S. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how they impact children’s health and well-being. To do this, we conducted a state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in this review were identified through a search of the peer-reviewed literature using PubMed and PsycINFO. Combinations of words associated with non-chemical stressors and children were used to form search strings. Filters were used to limit the search to studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000–2016 and written in English. Publications found using the search strings and filters went through two rounds of screening. Results: A total of 146 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, 245 non-chemical stressors were evaluated. The non-chemical stressors were then organized into 13 general topic areas: acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, economic, education, family dynamics, food, greenspace, neighborhood, social, stress, urbanicity, violence, and other. Additional information on health outcomes, studies evaluating both chemical and non-chemical stressors, and animal studies are provided. This review provides evidence that non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment do influence their health and well-being in both beneficial (e.g., salutatory effects of greenspace and social support) and adverse (e.g., poor relationships between health and selected non-chemical stressors such as economics, educational attainment, exposure to violence, stress) ways. Conclusions: This literature review identified a paucity of studies addressing the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors and children’s health and well-being. This literature review was further complicated by inconsistencies in terminology, methodologies, and the value of non-chemical stressor research in different scientific disciplines. Despite these limitations, this review showed the importance of considering non-chemical stressors from a child’s social environment when addressing children’s environmental health considerations. MDPI 2019-11-11 2019-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6888402/ /pubmed/31718056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224417 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hibbert, Kathleen Tulve, Nicolle S. State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title | State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title_full | State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title_fullStr | State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title_full_unstemmed | State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title_short | State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment |
title_sort | state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31718056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224417 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hibbertkathleen stateofthesciencereviewofnonchemicalstressorsfoundinachildssocialenvironment AT tulvenicolles stateofthesciencereviewofnonchemicalstressorsfoundinachildssocialenvironment |