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Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution ch...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891265/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623 |
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author | Liu, Yang Zhang, Peng Du, Sen Lin, Zhuoru Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Lizhao Yu, Rencheng Zhang, Li |
author_facet | Liu, Yang Zhang, Peng Du, Sen Lin, Zhuoru Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Lizhao Yu, Rencheng Zhang, Li |
author_sort | Liu, Yang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6891265 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68912652019-12-12 Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China Liu, Yang Zhang, Peng Du, Sen Lin, Zhuoru Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Lizhao Yu, Rencheng Zhang, Li Mar Drugs Article Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains. MDPI 2019-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6891265/ /pubmed/31683576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Yang Zhang, Peng Du, Sen Lin, Zhuoru Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Lizhao Yu, Rencheng Zhang, Li Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title | Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title_full | Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title_fullStr | Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title_full_unstemmed | Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title_short | Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China |
title_sort | sediment as a potential pool for lipophilic marine phycotoxins with the case study of daya bay of china |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891265/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623 |
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