Cargando…

Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China

Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution ch...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liu, Yang, Zhang, Peng, Du, Sen, Lin, Zhuoru, Zhou, Yanyan, Chen, Lizhao, Yu, Rencheng, Zhang, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683576
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623
_version_ 1783475772837593088
author Liu, Yang
Zhang, Peng
Du, Sen
Lin, Zhuoru
Zhou, Yanyan
Chen, Lizhao
Yu, Rencheng
Zhang, Li
author_facet Liu, Yang
Zhang, Peng
Du, Sen
Lin, Zhuoru
Zhou, Yanyan
Chen, Lizhao
Yu, Rencheng
Zhang, Li
author_sort Liu, Yang
collection PubMed
description Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6891265
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68912652019-12-12 Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China Liu, Yang Zhang, Peng Du, Sen Lin, Zhuoru Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Lizhao Yu, Rencheng Zhang, Li Mar Drugs Article Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains. MDPI 2019-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6891265/ /pubmed/31683576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Yang
Zhang, Peng
Du, Sen
Lin, Zhuoru
Zhou, Yanyan
Chen, Lizhao
Yu, Rencheng
Zhang, Li
Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title_full Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title_fullStr Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title_full_unstemmed Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title_short Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China
title_sort sediment as a potential pool for lipophilic marine phycotoxins with the case study of daya bay of china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683576
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623
work_keys_str_mv AT liuyang sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT zhangpeng sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT dusen sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT linzhuoru sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT zhouyanyan sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT chenlizhao sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT yurencheng sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina
AT zhangli sedimentasapotentialpoolforlipophilicmarinephycotoxinswiththecasestudyofdayabayofchina