Cargando…

Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing cyanobacterial blooms such as Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Umezakia, and Lyngbya spp. are occurring more commonly and frequently worldwide. CYN is an environmentally stable extracellular toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis, and, therefore, can potenti...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia, Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda, Pflugmacher, Stephan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31703455
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110650
_version_ 1783475807050530816
author Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia
Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda
Pflugmacher, Stephan
author_facet Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia
Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda
Pflugmacher, Stephan
author_sort Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia
collection PubMed
description Cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing cyanobacterial blooms such as Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Umezakia, and Lyngbya spp. are occurring more commonly and frequently worldwide. CYN is an environmentally stable extracellular toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis, and, therefore, can potentially affect a wide variety of aquatic biota. Submerged and floating macrophytes, as primary producers in oligotrophic habitats, are at risk of exposure and information on the effects of CYN exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations is limited. In the present study, we investigated CYN uptake in the floating macrophyte Lemna minor with exposure to reported environmental concentrations. The effects were evaluated in terms of bioaccumulation, relative plant growth, and number of fronds per day. Variations in the concentrations and ratios of the chlorophylls as stress markers and carotenoids as markers of oxidative stress defense were measured. With exposure to 25 μg/L, L. minor could remove 43% of CYN within 24 h but CYN was not bioaccumulated. Generally, the pigment concentrations were elevated with exposure to 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 μg/L CYN after 24 h, but normalized quickly thereafter. Changes in relative plant growth were observed with exposure to 0.25 and 2.5 μg/L CYN. Adverse effects were seen with these environmentally realistic concentrations within 24 h; however, L. minor successfully recovered within the next 48–96 h.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6891409
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68914092019-12-12 Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda Pflugmacher, Stephan Toxins (Basel) Article Cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing cyanobacterial blooms such as Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Umezakia, and Lyngbya spp. are occurring more commonly and frequently worldwide. CYN is an environmentally stable extracellular toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis, and, therefore, can potentially affect a wide variety of aquatic biota. Submerged and floating macrophytes, as primary producers in oligotrophic habitats, are at risk of exposure and information on the effects of CYN exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations is limited. In the present study, we investigated CYN uptake in the floating macrophyte Lemna minor with exposure to reported environmental concentrations. The effects were evaluated in terms of bioaccumulation, relative plant growth, and number of fronds per day. Variations in the concentrations and ratios of the chlorophylls as stress markers and carotenoids as markers of oxidative stress defense were measured. With exposure to 25 μg/L, L. minor could remove 43% of CYN within 24 h but CYN was not bioaccumulated. Generally, the pigment concentrations were elevated with exposure to 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 μg/L CYN after 24 h, but normalized quickly thereafter. Changes in relative plant growth were observed with exposure to 0.25 and 2.5 μg/L CYN. Adverse effects were seen with these environmentally realistic concentrations within 24 h; however, L. minor successfully recovered within the next 48–96 h. MDPI 2019-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6891409/ /pubmed/31703455 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110650 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Flores-Rojas, Nelida Cecilia
Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda
Pflugmacher, Stephan
Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title_full Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title_fullStr Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title_full_unstemmed Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title_short Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
title_sort uptake, growth, and pigment changes in lemna minor l. exposed to environmental concentrations of cylindrospermopsin
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31703455
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110650
work_keys_str_mv AT floresrojasnelidacecilia uptakegrowthandpigmentchangesinlemnaminorlexposedtoenvironmentalconcentrationsofcylindrospermopsin
AT esterhuizenlondtmaranda uptakegrowthandpigmentchangesinlemnaminorlexposedtoenvironmentalconcentrationsofcylindrospermopsin
AT pflugmacherstephan uptakegrowthandpigmentchangesinlemnaminorlexposedtoenvironmentalconcentrationsofcylindrospermopsin