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Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran

Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant...

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Autores principales: Ola, Antonius R. B., Metboki, Gema, Lay, Caterina S., Sugi, Yoseph, Rozari, Philipi De, Darmakusuma, Dodi, Hakim, Euis Holisotan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752404
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224200
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author Ola, Antonius R. B.
Metboki, Gema
Lay, Caterina S.
Sugi, Yoseph
Rozari, Philipi De
Darmakusuma, Dodi
Hakim, Euis Holisotan
author_facet Ola, Antonius R. B.
Metboki, Gema
Lay, Caterina S.
Sugi, Yoseph
Rozari, Philipi De
Darmakusuma, Dodi
Hakim, Euis Holisotan
author_sort Ola, Antonius R. B.
collection PubMed
description Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant was cultivated on solid rice media and then analyzed for its capability for producing kojic acid. The production of kojic acid was analyzed by HPLC; the highest amount of kojic acid was observed from the endophytic fungi A. flavus, isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus, followed by A. flavus from Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. Simple VLC fractionation of the extract of A. flavus from C.roseus led to the isolation of around 11.1 g of pure kojic acid. The structure of kojic acid (1) was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. A comparison of the NMR data with the literature supported the revision of the natural product flufuran to kojic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of endophytic fungi producing only kojic acid without any other toxic metabolites such as alfatoxins. Therefore, this Aspergillus flavus strain can be applied as a potential producer of kojic acid for industrial use.
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spelling pubmed-68915022019-12-18 Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran Ola, Antonius R. B. Metboki, Gema Lay, Caterina S. Sugi, Yoseph Rozari, Philipi De Darmakusuma, Dodi Hakim, Euis Holisotan Molecules Communication Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant was cultivated on solid rice media and then analyzed for its capability for producing kojic acid. The production of kojic acid was analyzed by HPLC; the highest amount of kojic acid was observed from the endophytic fungi A. flavus, isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus, followed by A. flavus from Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. Simple VLC fractionation of the extract of A. flavus from C.roseus led to the isolation of around 11.1 g of pure kojic acid. The structure of kojic acid (1) was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. A comparison of the NMR data with the literature supported the revision of the natural product flufuran to kojic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of endophytic fungi producing only kojic acid without any other toxic metabolites such as alfatoxins. Therefore, this Aspergillus flavus strain can be applied as a potential producer of kojic acid for industrial use. MDPI 2019-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6891502/ /pubmed/31752404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224200 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Ola, Antonius R. B.
Metboki, Gema
Lay, Caterina S.
Sugi, Yoseph
Rozari, Philipi De
Darmakusuma, Dodi
Hakim, Euis Holisotan
Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title_full Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title_fullStr Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title_full_unstemmed Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title_short Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran
title_sort single production of kojic acid by aspergillus flavus and the revision of flufuran
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752404
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224200
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