Cargando…

Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology

[Image: see text] The Arctic is experiencing the greatest warming on Earth, as most evident by rapid sea ice loss. Delayed sea ice freeze-up in the Alaskan Arctic is decreasing wintertime sea ice extent and changing marine biological activity. However, the impacts of newly open water on wintertime s...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kirpes, Rachel M., Bonanno, Daniel, May, Nathaniel W., Fraund, Matthew, Barget, Anna J., Moffet, Ryan C., Ault, Andrew P., Pratt, Kerri A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31807677
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541
_version_ 1783475915150327808
author Kirpes, Rachel M.
Bonanno, Daniel
May, Nathaniel W.
Fraund, Matthew
Barget, Anna J.
Moffet, Ryan C.
Ault, Andrew P.
Pratt, Kerri A.
author_facet Kirpes, Rachel M.
Bonanno, Daniel
May, Nathaniel W.
Fraund, Matthew
Barget, Anna J.
Moffet, Ryan C.
Ault, Andrew P.
Pratt, Kerri A.
author_sort Kirpes, Rachel M.
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] The Arctic is experiencing the greatest warming on Earth, as most evident by rapid sea ice loss. Delayed sea ice freeze-up in the Alaskan Arctic is decreasing wintertime sea ice extent and changing marine biological activity. However, the impacts of newly open water on wintertime sea spray aerosol (SSA) production and atmospheric composition are unknown. Herein, we identify SSA, produced locally from open sea ice fractures (leads), as the dominant aerosol source in the coastal Alaskan Arctic during winter, highlighting the year-round nature of Arctic SSA emissions. Nearly all of the individual SSA featured thick organic coatings, consisting of marine saccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and divalent cations, consistent with exopolymeric secretions produced as cryoprotectants by sea ice algae and bacteria. In contrast, local summertime SSA lacked these organic carbon coatings, or featured thin coatings, with only open water nearby. The individual SSA composition was not consistent with frost flowers or surface snow above sea ice, suggesting that neither hypothesized frost flower aerosolization nor blowing snow sublimation resulted in the observed SSA. These results further demonstrate the need for inclusion of lead-based SSA production in modeling of Arctic atmospheric composition. The identified connections between changing sea ice, microbiology, and SSA point to the significance of sea ice lead biogeochemistry in altering Arctic atmospheric composition, clouds, and climate feedbacks during winter.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6891865
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher American Chemical Society
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68918652019-12-05 Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology Kirpes, Rachel M. Bonanno, Daniel May, Nathaniel W. Fraund, Matthew Barget, Anna J. Moffet, Ryan C. Ault, Andrew P. Pratt, Kerri A. ACS Cent Sci [Image: see text] The Arctic is experiencing the greatest warming on Earth, as most evident by rapid sea ice loss. Delayed sea ice freeze-up in the Alaskan Arctic is decreasing wintertime sea ice extent and changing marine biological activity. However, the impacts of newly open water on wintertime sea spray aerosol (SSA) production and atmospheric composition are unknown. Herein, we identify SSA, produced locally from open sea ice fractures (leads), as the dominant aerosol source in the coastal Alaskan Arctic during winter, highlighting the year-round nature of Arctic SSA emissions. Nearly all of the individual SSA featured thick organic coatings, consisting of marine saccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and divalent cations, consistent with exopolymeric secretions produced as cryoprotectants by sea ice algae and bacteria. In contrast, local summertime SSA lacked these organic carbon coatings, or featured thin coatings, with only open water nearby. The individual SSA composition was not consistent with frost flowers or surface snow above sea ice, suggesting that neither hypothesized frost flower aerosolization nor blowing snow sublimation resulted in the observed SSA. These results further demonstrate the need for inclusion of lead-based SSA production in modeling of Arctic atmospheric composition. The identified connections between changing sea ice, microbiology, and SSA point to the significance of sea ice lead biogeochemistry in altering Arctic atmospheric composition, clouds, and climate feedbacks during winter. American Chemical Society 2019-10-30 2019-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6891865/ /pubmed/31807677 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Kirpes, Rachel M.
Bonanno, Daniel
May, Nathaniel W.
Fraund, Matthew
Barget, Anna J.
Moffet, Ryan C.
Ault, Andrew P.
Pratt, Kerri A.
Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title_full Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title_fullStr Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title_full_unstemmed Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title_short Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology
title_sort wintertime arctic sea spray aerosol composition controlled by sea ice lead microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31807677
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541
work_keys_str_mv AT kirpesrachelm wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT bonannodaniel wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT maynathanielw wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT fraundmatthew wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT bargetannaj wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT moffetryanc wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT aultandrewp wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology
AT prattkerria wintertimearcticseasprayaerosolcompositioncontrolledbyseaiceleadmicrobiology