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A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games
Game theory has been studied extensively to answer why cooperation is promoted in human and animal societies. All games are classified into five games: the Prisoner's Dilemma, chicken game (including hawk–dove game), stag hunt game and two trivial games of either all cooperation or all defect,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6894607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191602 |
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author | Yamamoto, Tatsuki Ito, Hiromu Nii, Momoka Okabe, Takuya Morita, Satoru Yoshimura, Jin |
author_facet | Yamamoto, Tatsuki Ito, Hiromu Nii, Momoka Okabe, Takuya Morita, Satoru Yoshimura, Jin |
author_sort | Yamamoto, Tatsuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Game theory has been studied extensively to answer why cooperation is promoted in human and animal societies. All games are classified into five games: the Prisoner's Dilemma, chicken game (including hawk–dove game), stag hunt game and two trivial games of either all cooperation or all defect, which are studied separately. Here, we propose a new game that covers all five game categories: the weight-lifting game. The player choose either to (1) carry a weight (cooperate: pay a cost) or (2) pretend to carry it (defect: pay no cost). The probability of success in carrying the weight depends on the number of cooperators, and the players either gain the success reward or pay the failure penalty. All five game categories appear in this game depending on the success probabilities for the number of cooperators. We prove that this game is exactly equivalent to the combination of all five games in terms of a pay-off matrix. This game thus provides a unified framework for studying all five types of games. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6894607 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68946072019-12-11 A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games Yamamoto, Tatsuki Ito, Hiromu Nii, Momoka Okabe, Takuya Morita, Satoru Yoshimura, Jin R Soc Open Sci Mathematics Game theory has been studied extensively to answer why cooperation is promoted in human and animal societies. All games are classified into five games: the Prisoner's Dilemma, chicken game (including hawk–dove game), stag hunt game and two trivial games of either all cooperation or all defect, which are studied separately. Here, we propose a new game that covers all five game categories: the weight-lifting game. The player choose either to (1) carry a weight (cooperate: pay a cost) or (2) pretend to carry it (defect: pay no cost). The probability of success in carrying the weight depends on the number of cooperators, and the players either gain the success reward or pay the failure penalty. All five game categories appear in this game depending on the success probabilities for the number of cooperators. We prove that this game is exactly equivalent to the combination of all five games in terms of a pay-off matrix. This game thus provides a unified framework for studying all five types of games. The Royal Society 2019-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6894607/ /pubmed/31827873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191602 Text en © 2019 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Mathematics Yamamoto, Tatsuki Ito, Hiromu Nii, Momoka Okabe, Takuya Morita, Satoru Yoshimura, Jin A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title | A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title_full | A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title_fullStr | A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title_full_unstemmed | A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title_short | A single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
title_sort | single ‘weight-lifting’ game covers all kinds of games |
topic | Mathematics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6894607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191602 |
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