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Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences

Repetitive DNAs are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and, in many species, comprise the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and un...

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Autores principales: Lower, Sarah E., Dion-Côté, Anne-Marie, Clark, Andrew G., Barbash, Daniel A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110896
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author Lower, Sarah E.
Dion-Côté, Anne-Marie
Clark, Andrew G.
Barbash, Daniel A.
author_facet Lower, Sarah E.
Dion-Côté, Anne-Marie
Clark, Andrew G.
Barbash, Daniel A.
author_sort Lower, Sarah E.
collection PubMed
description Repetitive DNAs are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and, in many species, comprise the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNAs are often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in identifying, assembling, and quantifying them. New technologies and methods are now allowing unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNAs are of particular interest because they can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNAs form essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, that are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, while others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and cause genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. However, even these “neutral” repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.
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spelling pubmed-68959202019-12-24 Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences Lower, Sarah E. Dion-Côté, Anne-Marie Clark, Andrew G. Barbash, Daniel A. Genes (Basel) Editorial Repetitive DNAs are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and, in many species, comprise the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNAs are often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in identifying, assembling, and quantifying them. New technologies and methods are now allowing unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNAs are of particular interest because they can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNAs form essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, that are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, while others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and cause genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. However, even these “neutral” repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives. MDPI 2019-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6895920/ /pubmed/31698818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110896 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Editorial
Lower, Sarah E.
Dion-Côté, Anne-Marie
Clark, Andrew G.
Barbash, Daniel A.
Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title_full Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title_fullStr Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title_full_unstemmed Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title_short Special Issue: Repetitive DNA Sequences
title_sort special issue: repetitive dna sequences
topic Editorial
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110896
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