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Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm
During vertebrate embryogenesis, precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for proper cell fate determination. Much of what we know about vertebrate development has been gleaned from experiments performed on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis; this review will focus primarily on studies...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110895 |
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author | Reich, Shoshana Weinstein, Daniel C. |
author_facet | Reich, Shoshana Weinstein, Daniel C. |
author_sort | Reich, Shoshana |
collection | PubMed |
description | During vertebrate embryogenesis, precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for proper cell fate determination. Much of what we know about vertebrate development has been gleaned from experiments performed on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis; this review will focus primarily on studies of this model organism. An early critical step during vertebrate development is the formation of the three primary germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—which emerge during the process of gastrulation. While much attention has been focused on the induction of mesoderm and endoderm, it has become clear that differentiation of the ectoderm involves more than the simple absence of inductive cues; rather, it additionally requires the inhibition of mesendoderm-promoting genes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the various inhibitors of inappropriate gene expression in the presumptive ectoderm. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6895975 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68959752019-12-24 Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm Reich, Shoshana Weinstein, Daniel C. Genes (Basel) Review During vertebrate embryogenesis, precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for proper cell fate determination. Much of what we know about vertebrate development has been gleaned from experiments performed on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis; this review will focus primarily on studies of this model organism. An early critical step during vertebrate development is the formation of the three primary germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—which emerge during the process of gastrulation. While much attention has been focused on the induction of mesoderm and endoderm, it has become clear that differentiation of the ectoderm involves more than the simple absence of inductive cues; rather, it additionally requires the inhibition of mesendoderm-promoting genes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the various inhibitors of inappropriate gene expression in the presumptive ectoderm. MDPI 2019-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6895975/ /pubmed/31698780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110895 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Reich, Shoshana Weinstein, Daniel C. Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title | Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title_full | Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title_fullStr | Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title_full_unstemmed | Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title_short | Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm |
title_sort | repression of inappropriate gene expression in the vertebrate embryonic ectoderm |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110895 |
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