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Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping A...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6896591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0149-1 |
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author | Al Ghobain, Mohammed |
author_facet | Al Ghobain, Mohammed |
author_sort | Al Ghobain, Mohammed |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Social Science Research Package questionnaire was distributed to 408 players. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of PES use was 3.9%, with the overall prevalence rate of doping susceptibility 17.1%. PES use or doping susceptibility is strongly correlated but negatively associated with morality and cheating measures (p < 0.011, the estimate is − 0.139), threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.301) and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.213) but not with legitimacy perceptions (p = 0.513) and beliefs about the benefits of doping (p = 0.678). The strongest relationship was found between threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001), and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement of PES use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Morality and cheating measures, threat or deterrence appraisal and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement are the main predictors for PES use in Saudi Arabia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6896591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68965912019-12-11 Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players Al Ghobain, Mohammed BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Research Article OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Social Science Research Package questionnaire was distributed to 408 players. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of PES use was 3.9%, with the overall prevalence rate of doping susceptibility 17.1%. PES use or doping susceptibility is strongly correlated but negatively associated with morality and cheating measures (p < 0.011, the estimate is − 0.139), threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.301) and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement (p < 0.001, the estimate is − 0.213) but not with legitimacy perceptions (p = 0.513) and beliefs about the benefits of doping (p = 0.678). The strongest relationship was found between threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001), and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement of PES use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Morality and cheating measures, threat or deterrence appraisal and beliefs about the reference group’s endorsement are the main predictors for PES use in Saudi Arabia. BioMed Central 2019-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6896591/ /pubmed/31827808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0149-1 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Al Ghobain, Mohammed Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title | Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title_full | Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title_fullStr | Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title_full_unstemmed | Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title_short | Attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite Saudi football players |
title_sort | attitudes and behavior related to performance-enhancing substance use among elite saudi football players |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6896591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0149-1 |
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