Cargando…
Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Seasonal variability in mortality has been studied in various regions globally. Proper evaluation of seasonally fluctuating mortality is important to establish effective public health measures. We investigated the overall, age-specific, and cause-specific seasonality of deaths in Chitral...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225994 |
_version_ | 1783476962368421888 |
---|---|
author | Asif, Muhammad Nawaz, Khalid Zaheer, Zafar Thygesen, Helene Abu-Shaheen, Amani Riaz, Muhammad |
author_facet | Asif, Muhammad Nawaz, Khalid Zaheer, Zafar Thygesen, Helene Abu-Shaheen, Amani Riaz, Muhammad |
author_sort | Asif, Muhammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Seasonal variability in mortality has been studied in various regions globally. Proper evaluation of seasonally fluctuating mortality is important to establish effective public health measures. We investigated the overall, age-specific, and cause-specific seasonality of deaths in Chitral District in Pakistan. METHOD: Data on 2577 deaths were provided by the Agha Khan Health Support Program. Seasonal mortality patterns concerning age and causes were examined using the X-12 ARIMA pseudo-additive decomposition method. RESULTS: Of the total deceased, 59.6% were males. The proportion of deceased males was significantly higher than the female (40.4%, p< 0.001). The average age at death was 57.7 years (SD = 28.7). On average, approximately 43 deaths occurred each month. More than 10% of the deaths occurred in children less than 5-years-of-age. Among all the causes of death, the most frequent was cardiovascular disease (n = 666, 25.8%) followed by respiratory disease (n = 482, 18.7%). Significant seasonality in the overall deaths was evident, with a peak in winter. Deaths in people ≥ 55-years-of-age were significantly seasonal and peaked in winter. Deaths due to cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney related diseases were also significantly seasonal with winter peaks. Further, deaths due to external causes were significantly seasonal with summer peak. CONCLUSION: In the winter season, all-cause, except external, and age-specific mortality peaks in Chitral District, Pakistan. Deaths due to external causes and cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney related diseases were significant seasonal effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6897406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68974062019-12-13 Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan Asif, Muhammad Nawaz, Khalid Zaheer, Zafar Thygesen, Helene Abu-Shaheen, Amani Riaz, Muhammad PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Seasonal variability in mortality has been studied in various regions globally. Proper evaluation of seasonally fluctuating mortality is important to establish effective public health measures. We investigated the overall, age-specific, and cause-specific seasonality of deaths in Chitral District in Pakistan. METHOD: Data on 2577 deaths were provided by the Agha Khan Health Support Program. Seasonal mortality patterns concerning age and causes were examined using the X-12 ARIMA pseudo-additive decomposition method. RESULTS: Of the total deceased, 59.6% were males. The proportion of deceased males was significantly higher than the female (40.4%, p< 0.001). The average age at death was 57.7 years (SD = 28.7). On average, approximately 43 deaths occurred each month. More than 10% of the deaths occurred in children less than 5-years-of-age. Among all the causes of death, the most frequent was cardiovascular disease (n = 666, 25.8%) followed by respiratory disease (n = 482, 18.7%). Significant seasonality in the overall deaths was evident, with a peak in winter. Deaths in people ≥ 55-years-of-age were significantly seasonal and peaked in winter. Deaths due to cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney related diseases were also significantly seasonal with winter peaks. Further, deaths due to external causes were significantly seasonal with summer peak. CONCLUSION: In the winter season, all-cause, except external, and age-specific mortality peaks in Chitral District, Pakistan. Deaths due to external causes and cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney related diseases were significant seasonal effects. Public Library of Science 2019-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6897406/ /pubmed/31809531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225994 Text en © 2019 Asif et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Asif, Muhammad Nawaz, Khalid Zaheer, Zafar Thygesen, Helene Abu-Shaheen, Amani Riaz, Muhammad Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title | Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title_full | Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title_short | Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
title_sort | seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in chitral district pakistan |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225994 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT asifmuhammad seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan AT nawazkhalid seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan AT zaheerzafar seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan AT thygesenhelene seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan AT abushaheenamani seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan AT riazmuhammad seasonalityofdeathswithrespecttoageandcauseinchitraldistrictpakistan |