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Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study

BACKGROUND: Chronic psychological stress has been associated with hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship in blacks. We examined the association between perceived stress levels assessed annually for up to 13 years and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a communit...

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Autores principales: Spruill, Tanya M., Butler, Mark J., Thomas, S. Justin, Tajeu, Gabriel S., Kalinowski, Jolaade, Castañeda, Sheila F., Langford, Aisha T., Abdalla, Marwah, Blackshear, Chad, Allison, Matthew, Ogedegbe, Gbenga, Sims, Mario, Shimbo, Daichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6898810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31615321
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012139
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author Spruill, Tanya M.
Butler, Mark J.
Thomas, S. Justin
Tajeu, Gabriel S.
Kalinowski, Jolaade
Castañeda, Sheila F.
Langford, Aisha T.
Abdalla, Marwah
Blackshear, Chad
Allison, Matthew
Ogedegbe, Gbenga
Sims, Mario
Shimbo, Daichi
author_facet Spruill, Tanya M.
Butler, Mark J.
Thomas, S. Justin
Tajeu, Gabriel S.
Kalinowski, Jolaade
Castañeda, Sheila F.
Langford, Aisha T.
Abdalla, Marwah
Blackshear, Chad
Allison, Matthew
Ogedegbe, Gbenga
Sims, Mario
Shimbo, Daichi
author_sort Spruill, Tanya M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Chronic psychological stress has been associated with hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship in blacks. We examined the association between perceived stress levels assessed annually for up to 13 years and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a community‐based cohort of blacks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analyses included 1829 participants without hypertension at baseline (Exam 1, 2000–2004). Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use at Exam 2 (2005–2008) or Exam 3 (2009–2012). Each follow‐up interval at risk of hypertension was categorized as low, moderate, or high perceived stress based on the number of annual assessments between exams in which participants reported “a lot” or “extreme” stress over the previous year (low, 0 high stress ratings; moderate, 1 high stress rating; high, ≥2 high stress ratings). During follow‐up (median, 7.0 years), hypertension incidence was 48.5%. Hypertension developed in 30.6% of intervals with low perceived stress, 34.6% of intervals with moderate perceived stress, and 38.2% of intervals with high perceived stress. Age‐, sex‐, and time‐adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) associated with moderate and high perceived stress versus low perceived stress were 1.19 (1.04–1.37) and 1.37 (1.20–1.57), respectively (P trend<0.001). The association was present after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and baseline stress (P trend=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a community‐based cohort of blacks, higher perceived stress over time was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Evaluating stress levels over time and intervening when high perceived stress is persistent may reduce hypertension risk.
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spelling pubmed-68988102019-12-16 Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study Spruill, Tanya M. Butler, Mark J. Thomas, S. Justin Tajeu, Gabriel S. Kalinowski, Jolaade Castañeda, Sheila F. Langford, Aisha T. Abdalla, Marwah Blackshear, Chad Allison, Matthew Ogedegbe, Gbenga Sims, Mario Shimbo, Daichi J Am Heart Assoc Original Research BACKGROUND: Chronic psychological stress has been associated with hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship in blacks. We examined the association between perceived stress levels assessed annually for up to 13 years and incident hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a community‐based cohort of blacks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analyses included 1829 participants without hypertension at baseline (Exam 1, 2000–2004). Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use at Exam 2 (2005–2008) or Exam 3 (2009–2012). Each follow‐up interval at risk of hypertension was categorized as low, moderate, or high perceived stress based on the number of annual assessments between exams in which participants reported “a lot” or “extreme” stress over the previous year (low, 0 high stress ratings; moderate, 1 high stress rating; high, ≥2 high stress ratings). During follow‐up (median, 7.0 years), hypertension incidence was 48.5%. Hypertension developed in 30.6% of intervals with low perceived stress, 34.6% of intervals with moderate perceived stress, and 38.2% of intervals with high perceived stress. Age‐, sex‐, and time‐adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) associated with moderate and high perceived stress versus low perceived stress were 1.19 (1.04–1.37) and 1.37 (1.20–1.57), respectively (P trend<0.001). The association was present after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and baseline stress (P trend=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a community‐based cohort of blacks, higher perceived stress over time was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Evaluating stress levels over time and intervening when high perceived stress is persistent may reduce hypertension risk. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6898810/ /pubmed/31615321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012139 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Research
Spruill, Tanya M.
Butler, Mark J.
Thomas, S. Justin
Tajeu, Gabriel S.
Kalinowski, Jolaade
Castañeda, Sheila F.
Langford, Aisha T.
Abdalla, Marwah
Blackshear, Chad
Allison, Matthew
Ogedegbe, Gbenga
Sims, Mario
Shimbo, Daichi
Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title_full Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title_fullStr Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title_full_unstemmed Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title_short Association Between High Perceived Stress Over Time and Incident Hypertension in Black Adults: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
title_sort association between high perceived stress over time and incident hypertension in black adults: findings from the jackson heart study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6898810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31615321
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012139
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