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The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of LCD in PCOS patients. The primary outcomes included the changes in BMI, h...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xiaoshuai, Zheng, Yang, Guo, Yanan, Lai, Zhiwen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899277/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31885557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4386401
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author Zhang, Xiaoshuai
Zheng, Yang
Guo, Yanan
Lai, Zhiwen
author_facet Zhang, Xiaoshuai
Zheng, Yang
Guo, Yanan
Lai, Zhiwen
author_sort Zhang, Xiaoshuai
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of LCD in PCOS patients. The primary outcomes included the changes in BMI, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), total testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). RESULTS: Eight RCTs involving 327 patients were included. In comparison with the control group, the LCD decreased BMI (SMD = −1.04, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.70), P < 0.00001), HOMA-IR (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.01, −0.30), P < 0.05), TC (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI (−1.35, −0.02), P < 0.05), and LDL-C (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.30, −0.02), P < 0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that LCD lasting longer than 4 weeks had a stronger effect on increasing FSH levels (MD = 0.39, 95% CI (0.08, 0.71), P < 0.05), increasing SHBG levels (MD = 5.98, 95% CI (3.51, 8.46), P < 0.05), and decreasing T levels (SMD = −1.79, 95% CI (−3.22, −0.36), P < 0.05), and the low-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat <35% and CHO <45%) had a more significant effect on the levels of FSH (MD = 0.40, 95% CI (0.09, 0.71), P < 0.05) and SHBG (MD = 6.20, 95% CI (3.68, 8.72), P < 0.05) than the high-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat >35% and CHO <45%). CONCLUSION: Based on the current evidence, LCD, particularly long-term LCD and low-fat/low-CHO LCD, may be recommended for the reduction of BMI, treatment of PCOS with insulin resistance, prevention of high LDL-C, increasing the levels of FSH and SHBG, and decreasing the level of T level. Together, the analyzed data indicate that proper control of carbohydrate intake provides beneficial effects on some aspects of PCOS and may represent one of the important interventions improving the clinical symptoms of affected patients.
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spelling pubmed-68992772019-12-29 The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Zhang, Xiaoshuai Zheng, Yang Guo, Yanan Lai, Zhiwen Int J Endocrinol Review Article OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of LCD in PCOS patients. The primary outcomes included the changes in BMI, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), total testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). RESULTS: Eight RCTs involving 327 patients were included. In comparison with the control group, the LCD decreased BMI (SMD = −1.04, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.70), P < 0.00001), HOMA-IR (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.01, −0.30), P < 0.05), TC (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI (−1.35, −0.02), P < 0.05), and LDL-C (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.30, −0.02), P < 0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that LCD lasting longer than 4 weeks had a stronger effect on increasing FSH levels (MD = 0.39, 95% CI (0.08, 0.71), P < 0.05), increasing SHBG levels (MD = 5.98, 95% CI (3.51, 8.46), P < 0.05), and decreasing T levels (SMD = −1.79, 95% CI (−3.22, −0.36), P < 0.05), and the low-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat <35% and CHO <45%) had a more significant effect on the levels of FSH (MD = 0.40, 95% CI (0.09, 0.71), P < 0.05) and SHBG (MD = 6.20, 95% CI (3.68, 8.72), P < 0.05) than the high-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat >35% and CHO <45%). CONCLUSION: Based on the current evidence, LCD, particularly long-term LCD and low-fat/low-CHO LCD, may be recommended for the reduction of BMI, treatment of PCOS with insulin resistance, prevention of high LDL-C, increasing the levels of FSH and SHBG, and decreasing the level of T level. Together, the analyzed data indicate that proper control of carbohydrate intake provides beneficial effects on some aspects of PCOS and may represent one of the important interventions improving the clinical symptoms of affected patients. Hindawi 2019-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6899277/ /pubmed/31885557 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4386401 Text en Copyright © 2019 Xiaoshuai Zhang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Zhang, Xiaoshuai
Zheng, Yang
Guo, Yanan
Lai, Zhiwen
The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_fullStr The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_short The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_sort effect of low carbohydrate diet on polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899277/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31885557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4386401
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