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The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes

BACKGROUND: Terminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acyl...

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Autores principales: Guneri, D., Voegeli, R., Doppler, S., Zhang, C., Bankousli, A. L., Munday, M. R., Lane, M. E., Rawlings, A. V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12574
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author Guneri, D.
Voegeli, R.
Doppler, S.
Zhang, C.
Bankousli, A. L.
Munday, M. R.
Lane, M. E.
Rawlings, A. V.
author_facet Guneri, D.
Voegeli, R.
Doppler, S.
Zhang, C.
Bankousli, A. L.
Munday, M. R.
Lane, M. E.
Rawlings, A. V.
author_sort Guneri, D.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Terminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acylceramides are processed by 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX) and other enzymes before transglutaminase (TG) attaches ω‐hydroxyceramides to involucrin in the CPE. Concurrently, structural proteins are cross‐linked by TG that has been activated by cathepsin D (CathD). OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of relative humidity (RH) during ex vivo CE maturation. Low, optimal and high RH were selected to investigate the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on CE maturation and TG activity; in addition, 12R‐LOX and CathD activity were measured at optimal RH. Finally, the effect of glycerol on ex vivo CE maturation was tested at low, optimal and high RH. METHODS: The first and ninth tape strip of photo‐exposed (PE) cheek and photo‐protected (PP) post‐auricular sites of healthy volunteers were selected. Ex vivo CE maturation was assessed via the relative CE maturity (RCEM) approach based on CE rigidity and hydrophobicity. The second and eighth tapes were exposed to RH in the presence of inhibitors. RESULTS: Irrespective of tape stripping depth, CEs from PE samples attained CE rigidity to the same extent as mature CEs from the PP site, but such improvement was lacking for CE hydrophobicity. 70% RH was optimal for ex vivo CE maturation. The inhibition of 12R‐LOX activity resulted in enhanced CE rigidity which was reduced by the TG inhibitor. CE hydrophobicity remained unchanged during ex vivo maturation in the presence of TG or 12R‐LOX inhibition. CE hydrophobicity was enhanced in the presence of glycerol at 44% RH and 100% RH but not at 70% RH. Furthermore, TG activity was significantly diminished at 100% RH compared to the commercial inhibitor LDN‐27219. However, a protease inhibitor mix reversed the negative effect of overhydration. CONCLUSION: The study adds to the understanding of the roles of 12R‐LOX and TG activity in CE maturation and gives further insight into the effect of glycerol on the SC.
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spelling pubmed-68997812019-12-19 The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes Guneri, D. Voegeli, R. Doppler, S. Zhang, C. Bankousli, A. L. Munday, M. R. Lane, M. E. Rawlings, A. V. Int J Cosmet Sci Original Articles BACKGROUND: Terminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acylceramides are processed by 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX) and other enzymes before transglutaminase (TG) attaches ω‐hydroxyceramides to involucrin in the CPE. Concurrently, structural proteins are cross‐linked by TG that has been activated by cathepsin D (CathD). OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of relative humidity (RH) during ex vivo CE maturation. Low, optimal and high RH were selected to investigate the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on CE maturation and TG activity; in addition, 12R‐LOX and CathD activity were measured at optimal RH. Finally, the effect of glycerol on ex vivo CE maturation was tested at low, optimal and high RH. METHODS: The first and ninth tape strip of photo‐exposed (PE) cheek and photo‐protected (PP) post‐auricular sites of healthy volunteers were selected. Ex vivo CE maturation was assessed via the relative CE maturity (RCEM) approach based on CE rigidity and hydrophobicity. The second and eighth tapes were exposed to RH in the presence of inhibitors. RESULTS: Irrespective of tape stripping depth, CEs from PE samples attained CE rigidity to the same extent as mature CEs from the PP site, but such improvement was lacking for CE hydrophobicity. 70% RH was optimal for ex vivo CE maturation. The inhibition of 12R‐LOX activity resulted in enhanced CE rigidity which was reduced by the TG inhibitor. CE hydrophobicity remained unchanged during ex vivo maturation in the presence of TG or 12R‐LOX inhibition. CE hydrophobicity was enhanced in the presence of glycerol at 44% RH and 100% RH but not at 70% RH. Furthermore, TG activity was significantly diminished at 100% RH compared to the commercial inhibitor LDN‐27219. However, a protease inhibitor mix reversed the negative effect of overhydration. CONCLUSION: The study adds to the understanding of the roles of 12R‐LOX and TG activity in CE maturation and gives further insight into the effect of glycerol on the SC. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-11-20 2019-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6899781/ /pubmed/31429091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12574 Text en © 2019 The Authors. International Journal of Cosmetic Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Cosmetic Scientists and Société Française de Cosmétologie. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Guneri, D.
Voegeli, R.
Doppler, S.
Zhang, C.
Bankousli, A. L.
Munday, M. R.
Lane, M. E.
Rawlings, A. V.
The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title_full The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title_fullStr The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title_full_unstemmed The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title_short The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
title_sort importance of 12r‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12574
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