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How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex chromosomes is associated with female or male development. Although certain groups possess stable and conserved sex chromo...

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Autores principales: Palmer, Daniela H., Rogers, Thea F., Dean, Rebecca, Wright, Alison E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6900093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31538682
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15245
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author Palmer, Daniela H.
Rogers, Thea F.
Dean, Rebecca
Wright, Alison E.
author_facet Palmer, Daniela H.
Rogers, Thea F.
Dean, Rebecca
Wright, Alison E.
author_sort Palmer, Daniela H.
collection PubMed
description Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex chromosomes is associated with female or male development. Although certain groups possess stable and conserved sex chromosomes, others exhibit rapid sex chromosome evolution, including transitions between male and female heterogamety, and turnover in the chromosome pair recruited to determine sex. These turnover events have important consequences for multiple facets of evolution, as sex chromosomes are predicted to play a central role in adaptation, sexual dimorphism, and speciation. However, our understanding of the processes driving the formation and turnover of sex chromosome systems is limited, in part because we lack a complete understanding of interspecific variation in the mechanisms by which sex is determined. New bioinformatic methods are making it possible to identify and characterize sex chromosomes in a diverse array of non‐model species, rapidly filling in the numerous gaps in our knowledge of sex chromosome systems across the tree of life. In turn, this growing data set is facilitating and fueling efforts to address many of the unanswered questions in sex chromosome evolution. Here, we synthesize the available bioinformatic approaches to produce a guide for characterizing sex chromosome system and identity simultaneously across clades of organisms. Furthermore, we survey our current understanding of the processes driving sex chromosome turnover, and highlight important avenues for future research.
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spelling pubmed-69000932019-12-20 How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover Palmer, Daniela H. Rogers, Thea F. Dean, Rebecca Wright, Alison E. Mol Ecol Invited Reviews and Syntheses Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex chromosomes is associated with female or male development. Although certain groups possess stable and conserved sex chromosomes, others exhibit rapid sex chromosome evolution, including transitions between male and female heterogamety, and turnover in the chromosome pair recruited to determine sex. These turnover events have important consequences for multiple facets of evolution, as sex chromosomes are predicted to play a central role in adaptation, sexual dimorphism, and speciation. However, our understanding of the processes driving the formation and turnover of sex chromosome systems is limited, in part because we lack a complete understanding of interspecific variation in the mechanisms by which sex is determined. New bioinformatic methods are making it possible to identify and characterize sex chromosomes in a diverse array of non‐model species, rapidly filling in the numerous gaps in our knowledge of sex chromosome systems across the tree of life. In turn, this growing data set is facilitating and fueling efforts to address many of the unanswered questions in sex chromosome evolution. Here, we synthesize the available bioinformatic approaches to produce a guide for characterizing sex chromosome system and identity simultaneously across clades of organisms. Furthermore, we survey our current understanding of the processes driving sex chromosome turnover, and highlight important avenues for future research. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-10-10 2019-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6900093/ /pubmed/31538682 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15245 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Invited Reviews and Syntheses
Palmer, Daniela H.
Rogers, Thea F.
Dean, Rebecca
Wright, Alison E.
How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title_full How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title_fullStr How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title_full_unstemmed How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title_short How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
title_sort how to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover
topic Invited Reviews and Syntheses
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6900093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31538682
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15245
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