Overall survival of adult acute myeloid leukemia based on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities during 5 years in a single center study

OBJECTIVES: To determined the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, based on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study reviewing adult AML patient files between 2011 and 2018. Sixty-three patients were excluded due to pediatric age and secondary AML. The remaining 87 adult patients with de novo AML were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities were t(15;17) (17.2%), followed by complex cytogenetic (13.8%) and t(8;21) (5.7%). The most frequent molecular abnormalities were promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) (16.1%) and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) (11.5%). The highest OS rate was associated with t(15;17), PML-RARA, and NPM. However, complex cytogenetic was associated with the lowest OS rate; fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication was independently correlated with low OS rate. CONCLUSION: The study describes cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities observed in adult AML patients and gives an overview of prognostic factors and determine the OS, with comparable results with recent published data by the WHO.