Royal Jelly (Bee Product) Decreases Inflammatory Response in Wistar Rats Induced with Ultraviolet Radiation

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages human skin by triggering various types of cellular damage, several main factors involved are nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nF-kB) and pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF alpha. Royal jelly (RJ) possesses the effect of protecting DNA and tissue against oxidative damage. AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of RJ as a protector of ultraviolet radiation, by assessing endogenous anti-oxidant expression (Nrf2), transcription factors (Nf-kB) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha). METHODS: This study was an experimental study with post-test control group design. Thirty Wistar rats were induced by exposing 40 Watt UV-B lamps for 2 hours/day in 14 days. The rats were grouped into groups with RJ cream application with doses of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, negative control with vaseline, and normal control. Examination of Nrf2 and NF-kB levels was carried out by ELISA. Quantitative analysis to obtain the percentage of TNF alpha expression on the tissue was entered into the ImageJ® program. Bivariate analysis was carried out by the T-test. RESULTS: Nrf2 levels elevated following the increase of RJ dose, with the highest level was at RJ 10%. Nf-kB levels decreased following the increase of RJ dose, with the lowest level was at RJ 10%. TNF alpha expression was reduced in groups of RJ in various doses. Increased dose resulted in a more diminished level of TNF alpha. CONCLUSION: Royal jelly cream application protected the skin from UV radiation by increasing cellular antioxidants and suppressing inflammatory cascade.