Bouveret syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND: Bouveret syndrome is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, with only 315 cases reported in the literature between 1967 and 2016. Delay in diagnosis is associated with a high mortality rate. Diagnosis is based upon clinical manifestations, gastroscopy, and imaging studies such as abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholan-giopancreatography. Endoscopic stone extraction or lithotripsy is the preferred choice for treatment as it is safe and minimally invasive with few complications. However, if endoscopy fails, surgery is required. CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old female patient presented with recurrent epigastric pain for more than 6 mo. On endoscopy, a large amount of food residue was present in the stomach with multiple stones and ulcers in the antro-pyloric region. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of gastrolithiasis was made. However, computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the correct diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome. Initially, endoscopic treatment was attempted but it failed. Later, she was successfully managed by cholecystectomy with duodenal stone extraction and fistula repair (one-step method). At the last follow-up 6 mo after surgery, the patient was symptom-free. CONCLUSION: Bouveret syndrome is a rare complication of gallstones that requires prompt endoscopic or surgical treatment to prevent mortality.