Colon perforation after PCNL in reverse rotation anomalous kidney: A very rare case report and literature review

PCNL is the gold standard method for large kidney stones currently. It offers high success and low complication rates. In recent times, miniaturized PCNL methods are used to further reduce the complication rates. Still major hemorrhage, mediastinum, spleen, liver and colon injuries are encountered at rates of 1–3%. Colon injuries occur in 0.3–0.8%. Thin patients, horseshoe kidney, retrorenal colon, previous intestinal surgeries, and access from posterior axillary line increase the risk of colon perforations. Treatment is mostly conservative approaches while sometimes major surgeries like colostomy and/or colon resection are required. The patient in our case report benefitted from conservative treatment.