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Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat
Quantifying how the environment shapes host immune defense is important for understanding which wild populations may be more susceptible or resistant to pathogens. Spatial variation in parasite risk, food and predator abundance, and abiotic conditions can each affect immunity, and these factors can...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6907035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30873523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz007 |
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author | Becker, Daniel J Nachtmann, Cecilia Argibay, Hernan D Botto, Germán Escalera-Zamudio, Marina Carrera, Jorge E Tello, Carlos Winiarski, Erik Greenwood, Alex D Méndez-Ojeda, Maria L Loza-Rubio, Elizabeth Lavergne, Anne de Thoisy, Benoit Czirják, Gábor Á Plowright, Raina K Altizer, Sonia Streicker, Daniel G |
author_facet | Becker, Daniel J Nachtmann, Cecilia Argibay, Hernan D Botto, Germán Escalera-Zamudio, Marina Carrera, Jorge E Tello, Carlos Winiarski, Erik Greenwood, Alex D Méndez-Ojeda, Maria L Loza-Rubio, Elizabeth Lavergne, Anne de Thoisy, Benoit Czirják, Gábor Á Plowright, Raina K Altizer, Sonia Streicker, Daniel G |
author_sort | Becker, Daniel J |
collection | PubMed |
description | Quantifying how the environment shapes host immune defense is important for understanding which wild populations may be more susceptible or resistant to pathogens. Spatial variation in parasite risk, food and predator abundance, and abiotic conditions can each affect immunity, and these factors can also manifest at both local and biogeographic scales. Yet identifying predictors and the spatial scale of their effects is limited by the rarity of studies that measure immunity across many populations of broadly distributed species. We analyzed leukocyte profiles from 39 wild populations of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) across its wide geographic range throughout the Neotropics. White blood cell differentials varied spatially, with proportions of neutrophils and lymphocytes varying up to six-fold across sites. Leukocyte profiles were spatially autocorrelated at small and very large distances, suggesting that local environment and large-scale biogeographic factors influence cellular immunity. Generalized additive models showed that bat populations closer to the northern and southern limits of the species range had more neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils, but fewer lymphocytes and eosinophils, than bats sampled at the core of their distribution. Habitats with access to more livestock also showed similar patterns in leukocyte profiles, but large-scale patterns were partly confounded by time between capture and sampling across sites. Our findings suggest that populations at the edge of their range experience physiologically limiting conditions that predict higher chronic stress and greater investment in cellular innate immunity. High food abundance in livestock-dense habitats may exacerbate such conditions by increasing bat density or diet homogenization, although future spatially and temporally coordinated field studies with common protocols are needed to limit sampling artifacts. Systematically assessing immune function and response over space will elucidate how environmental conditions influence traits relevant to epidemiology and help predict disease risks with anthropogenic disturbance, land conversion, and climate change. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6907035 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69070352019-12-16 Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat Becker, Daniel J Nachtmann, Cecilia Argibay, Hernan D Botto, Germán Escalera-Zamudio, Marina Carrera, Jorge E Tello, Carlos Winiarski, Erik Greenwood, Alex D Méndez-Ojeda, Maria L Loza-Rubio, Elizabeth Lavergne, Anne de Thoisy, Benoit Czirják, Gábor Á Plowright, Raina K Altizer, Sonia Streicker, Daniel G Integr Comp Biol S2 The scale of sickness: how immune variation across space and species affects infectious disease dynamics Quantifying how the environment shapes host immune defense is important for understanding which wild populations may be more susceptible or resistant to pathogens. Spatial variation in parasite risk, food and predator abundance, and abiotic conditions can each affect immunity, and these factors can also manifest at both local and biogeographic scales. Yet identifying predictors and the spatial scale of their effects is limited by the rarity of studies that measure immunity across many populations of broadly distributed species. We analyzed leukocyte profiles from 39 wild populations of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) across its wide geographic range throughout the Neotropics. White blood cell differentials varied spatially, with proportions of neutrophils and lymphocytes varying up to six-fold across sites. Leukocyte profiles were spatially autocorrelated at small and very large distances, suggesting that local environment and large-scale biogeographic factors influence cellular immunity. Generalized additive models showed that bat populations closer to the northern and southern limits of the species range had more neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils, but fewer lymphocytes and eosinophils, than bats sampled at the core of their distribution. Habitats with access to more livestock also showed similar patterns in leukocyte profiles, but large-scale patterns were partly confounded by time between capture and sampling across sites. Our findings suggest that populations at the edge of their range experience physiologically limiting conditions that predict higher chronic stress and greater investment in cellular innate immunity. High food abundance in livestock-dense habitats may exacerbate such conditions by increasing bat density or diet homogenization, although future spatially and temporally coordinated field studies with common protocols are needed to limit sampling artifacts. Systematically assessing immune function and response over space will elucidate how environmental conditions influence traits relevant to epidemiology and help predict disease risks with anthropogenic disturbance, land conversion, and climate change. Oxford University Press 2019-11 2019-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6907035/ /pubmed/30873523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz007 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | S2 The scale of sickness: how immune variation across space and species affects infectious disease dynamics Becker, Daniel J Nachtmann, Cecilia Argibay, Hernan D Botto, Germán Escalera-Zamudio, Marina Carrera, Jorge E Tello, Carlos Winiarski, Erik Greenwood, Alex D Méndez-Ojeda, Maria L Loza-Rubio, Elizabeth Lavergne, Anne de Thoisy, Benoit Czirják, Gábor Á Plowright, Raina K Altizer, Sonia Streicker, Daniel G Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title | Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title_full | Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title_fullStr | Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title_full_unstemmed | Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title_short | Leukocyte Profiles Reflect Geographic Range Limits in a Widespread Neotropical Bat |
title_sort | leukocyte profiles reflect geographic range limits in a widespread neotropical bat |
topic | S2 The scale of sickness: how immune variation across space and species affects infectious disease dynamics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6907035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30873523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz007 |
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