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Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the lead equivalence (LE) of radiation protective apparatuses under various combinations of tube potentials and spectral shaping filter. METHOD: In this study, the commercially available 3M™ Lead Foil Tape 421, with nominal lead thickness of 0.1 mm, was employed...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6909127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12768 |
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author | Aljabal, Areej Fawzi Wargo, Richard Ryan Lin, Pei‐Jan Paul |
author_facet | Aljabal, Areej Fawzi Wargo, Richard Ryan Lin, Pei‐Jan Paul |
author_sort | Aljabal, Areej Fawzi |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the lead equivalence (LE) of radiation protective apparatuses under various combinations of tube potentials and spectral shaping filter. METHOD: In this study, the commercially available 3M™ Lead Foil Tape 421, with nominal lead thickness of 0.1 mm, was employed to determine the LE of four different radiation protective apparatuses. The LE of protective apparatus was determined by utilizing the X‐ray transmission curves obtained with the lead foil tape at 60–120 kVp in combination with the spectral shaping filters of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mmCu. The experimental setup and test method, for the transmission measurements with narrow beam geometry, was performed in accordance to ASTM Designation F2547‐18 Standards. All measurements were obtained using cardiovascular interventional angiography system. RESULTS: A much larger discrepancies between the measured LE and stated (nominal) LE were observed at low tube potential (<70 kVp) for non‐lead protective apparatus. At higher tube potentials (>80 kVp) and thicker spectral shaping filters, the measured LE appears to be more consistent with the manufacturer specified nominal thickness for the protective apparatus investigated. On the other hand, for the lead protective eyeglasses, the measured lead equivalence of both the lead side shield and the lens of eyeglasses (0.38 and 0.85 mmPb respectively) are consistent across all tube voltage. CONCLUSION: The conventional specification of LE without considering spectral shaping filter is a valid measure for tube voltages at and above 80 kVp. The measured LE generally exceed the specifications. The difference is most significant at lower tube potentials, and especially with thicker spectral shaping filters. At higher voltages (>100 kVp), the measured LE and the nominal LE are in good agreement with each other irrespective of the spectral shaping filter thickness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6909127 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69091272019-12-20 Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter Aljabal, Areej Fawzi Wargo, Richard Ryan Lin, Pei‐Jan Paul J Appl Clin Med Phys Technical Note PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the lead equivalence (LE) of radiation protective apparatuses under various combinations of tube potentials and spectral shaping filter. METHOD: In this study, the commercially available 3M™ Lead Foil Tape 421, with nominal lead thickness of 0.1 mm, was employed to determine the LE of four different radiation protective apparatuses. The LE of protective apparatus was determined by utilizing the X‐ray transmission curves obtained with the lead foil tape at 60–120 kVp in combination with the spectral shaping filters of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mmCu. The experimental setup and test method, for the transmission measurements with narrow beam geometry, was performed in accordance to ASTM Designation F2547‐18 Standards. All measurements were obtained using cardiovascular interventional angiography system. RESULTS: A much larger discrepancies between the measured LE and stated (nominal) LE were observed at low tube potential (<70 kVp) for non‐lead protective apparatus. At higher tube potentials (>80 kVp) and thicker spectral shaping filters, the measured LE appears to be more consistent with the manufacturer specified nominal thickness for the protective apparatus investigated. On the other hand, for the lead protective eyeglasses, the measured lead equivalence of both the lead side shield and the lens of eyeglasses (0.38 and 0.85 mmPb respectively) are consistent across all tube voltage. CONCLUSION: The conventional specification of LE without considering spectral shaping filter is a valid measure for tube voltages at and above 80 kVp. The measured LE generally exceed the specifications. The difference is most significant at lower tube potentials, and especially with thicker spectral shaping filters. At higher voltages (>100 kVp), the measured LE and the nominal LE are in good agreement with each other irrespective of the spectral shaping filter thickness. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6909127/ /pubmed/31738469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12768 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Technical Note Aljabal, Areej Fawzi Wargo, Richard Ryan Lin, Pei‐Jan Paul Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title | Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title_full | Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title_short | Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
title_sort | evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter |
topic | Technical Note |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6909127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12768 |
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