Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the orbit and frontal sinus of the adult woman: A first case report in Poland

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a term describing a clonal proliferation of pathologic Langerhans cells (histiocytes), which may manifest as unisystem (unifocal or multifocal) or multisystem disease. LCH is a rare cause of the orbital tumor with the predilection to its lateral wall which is particularly common in children. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report an unusual case of a 33-year-old woman, 6 months after childbirth, who presented with the edema of the right orbit and upper eyelid with headaches. On physical examination, the patient had a right superior and lateral swelling of the eyelid and the orbit and right enophthalmos, without blurred vision. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-defined, expansile, intensely homogeneously enhancing mass lesion in the right superolateral orbital rim with the destruction of the upper wall of the orbit, growing into the frontal sinus and frontal part of the cranium with the bold of the dura mater in this region. Radical excision of the tumor was achieved through a right fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic craniotomy. Histopathological examination had confirmed the diagnosis of the LCH. The patient was discharged home with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0. CONCLUSION: The main purpose of this case report is that LCH should be considered as one of the possible causes of quickly appearing tumor of the orbit in adults.