Application of pharmacogenomics for trauma and critical care patients: A case report

BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenomics is increasingly becoming a valuable tool for improving health outcomes, reducing health care costs and avoiding adverse drug reactions. While application of pharmacogenomics is quite common in oncology and cardiology, routine use of this technology is rare in certain other fields including Trauma and Critical Care Surgery. We are testing feasibility of applying pharmacogenomic testing to improve therapeutic outcomes of trauma and acute care patients at MercyOne Medical Center in Des Moines, IA. METHODS: Trauma patients admitted to the hospital with projected stay of >5 days, or with admission extended due to failed multiple trials of medication volunteered to participate in this IRB-approved study. Effectiveness of medical therapy was evaluated using standard pain scores recorded prior to admission of any pain medication to conscious and competent patients. Pharmacogenomic results were obtained from commercial providers within 3–5 days and used to alter medical therapy as needed. RESULTS: An 18-year-old African American male, admitted for gunshot wounds to the neck, exhibited an ASIA A spinal cord injury, with no sensation or movement of his extremities, persistent nausea with emesis and a history of depression. He also developed gastritis with hematemesis. In addition to all standard trauma procedures, he received standard doses of tramadol, oxycodone or hydrocodone, ondansetron, citalopram, and intravenous protonix daily. He reported no pain relief. The patient's pharmacogenomic analysis revealed his ultrarapid and rapid genotype for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 respectively, allowing us to choose dilaudid resulting in immediate improvement of his pain scores. Additionally, using metoclopramide, duloxetine and famotidine led to immediate improvement or complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Pharmacogenomics testing is a useful tool for selecting appropriate pain management of trauma patients with expected hospital stay ≥5 days. Additionally, standard pharmacogenomic panels allow tailoring medical therapy to common conditions associated with traumatic injury.