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Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil
BACKGROUND: The objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have alre...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31765388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007836 |
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author | Xavier, Amanda Oliveira, Heloize Aguiar-Santos, Ana Barbosa Júnior, Walter da Silva, Ellyda Braga, Cynthia Bonfim, Cristine Medeiros, Zulma |
author_facet | Xavier, Amanda Oliveira, Heloize Aguiar-Santos, Ana Barbosa Júnior, Walter da Silva, Ellyda Braga, Cynthia Bonfim, Cristine Medeiros, Zulma |
author_sort | Xavier, Amanda |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have already been subjected to mass drug administration (MDA) and in places adjoining these endemic areas. While three municipalities in Brazil have completed MDA, the epidemiological situation remains uncertain in nine adjoining municipalities. To determine the epidemiological status, this study was to perform a review of the literature and a school-based survey to describe the past and recent endemicity of lymphatic filariasis (LF) theses nine municipalities in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: For review of the literature, both formal and informal literature sources were accessed since the first reports of filariasis in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil. We conducted a school-based survey in 2016 using immunochromatographic card tests (ICTs) among schoolchildren aged 6–10 years living in nine municipalities contiguous with the endemic areas in which MDA was conducted. Our review of the literature identified eight studies involving surveys demonstrating that microfilariae had been circulating in eight of the municipalities since 1967, with a low prevalence of microfilaremia, isolated autochthonous cases, and treatment of individual cases. The school-based survey included 17,222 children in 185 urban schools in the nine areas of Brazil with uncertain endemicity. One child affected by allochthonous transmission was antigen positive based on ICT and lived in a municipality adjacent to Recife; this child’s family came from Recife, but no other case was diagnosed within the family. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study results suggest that there is no transmission of LF in the municipalities investigated. However, these areas have population migration and socioenvironmental conditions favorable to mosquito breeding grounds; therefore, surveillance is strongly recommended in these areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6917295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69172952019-12-27 Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil Xavier, Amanda Oliveira, Heloize Aguiar-Santos, Ana Barbosa Júnior, Walter da Silva, Ellyda Braga, Cynthia Bonfim, Cristine Medeiros, Zulma PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: The objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have already been subjected to mass drug administration (MDA) and in places adjoining these endemic areas. While three municipalities in Brazil have completed MDA, the epidemiological situation remains uncertain in nine adjoining municipalities. To determine the epidemiological status, this study was to perform a review of the literature and a school-based survey to describe the past and recent endemicity of lymphatic filariasis (LF) theses nine municipalities in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: For review of the literature, both formal and informal literature sources were accessed since the first reports of filariasis in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil. We conducted a school-based survey in 2016 using immunochromatographic card tests (ICTs) among schoolchildren aged 6–10 years living in nine municipalities contiguous with the endemic areas in which MDA was conducted. Our review of the literature identified eight studies involving surveys demonstrating that microfilariae had been circulating in eight of the municipalities since 1967, with a low prevalence of microfilaremia, isolated autochthonous cases, and treatment of individual cases. The school-based survey included 17,222 children in 185 urban schools in the nine areas of Brazil with uncertain endemicity. One child affected by allochthonous transmission was antigen positive based on ICT and lived in a municipality adjacent to Recife; this child’s family came from Recife, but no other case was diagnosed within the family. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study results suggest that there is no transmission of LF in the municipalities investigated. However, these areas have population migration and socioenvironmental conditions favorable to mosquito breeding grounds; therefore, surveillance is strongly recommended in these areas. Public Library of Science 2019-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6917295/ /pubmed/31765388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007836 Text en © 2019 Xavier et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xavier, Amanda Oliveira, Heloize Aguiar-Santos, Ana Barbosa Júnior, Walter da Silva, Ellyda Braga, Cynthia Bonfim, Cristine Medeiros, Zulma Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title | Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title_full | Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title_fullStr | Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title_short | Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil |
title_sort | assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in brazil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31765388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007836 |
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