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Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies a...

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Autores principales: Peles, Ferenc, Sipos, Péter, Győri, Zoltán, Pfliegler, Walter P., Giacometti, Federica, Serraino, Andrea, Pagliuca, Giampiero, Gazzotti, Teresa, Pócsi, István
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861
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author Peles, Ferenc
Sipos, Péter
Győri, Zoltán
Pfliegler, Walter P.
Giacometti, Federica
Serraino, Andrea
Pagliuca, Giampiero
Gazzotti, Teresa
Pócsi, István
author_facet Peles, Ferenc
Sipos, Péter
Győri, Zoltán
Pfliegler, Walter P.
Giacometti, Federica
Serraino, Andrea
Pagliuca, Giampiero
Gazzotti, Teresa
Pócsi, István
author_sort Peles, Ferenc
collection PubMed
description Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies are applied to minimize the risk of aflatoxin contaminations in feeds. The great economic losses attributable to mycotoxin contaminations have initiated a plethora of research projects to develop new, effective technologies to prevent the highly toxic effects of these secondary metabolites on domestic animals and also to block the carry-over of these mycotoxins to humans through the food chain. Among other areas, this review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of silage production technologies and silage microbiota on aflatoxins, and it also discusses the current applications of probiotic organisms and microbial products in feeding technologies. After ingesting contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in various animals depending on their inherent and acquired physiological properties. These mycotoxins may cause primary aflatoxicoses with versatile, species-specific adverse effects, which are also dependent on the susceptibility of individual animals within a species, and will be a function of the dose and duration of aflatoxin exposures. The transfer of these undesired compounds from contaminated feed into food of animal origin and the aflatoxin residues present in foods become an additional risk to human health, leading to secondary aflatoxicoses. Considering the biological transformation of aflatoxins in livestock, this review summarizes (i) the metabolism of aflatoxins in different animal species, (ii) the deleterious effects of the mycotoxins and their derivatives on the animals, and (iii) the major risks to animal health in terms of the symptoms and consequences of acute or chronic aflatoxicoses, animal welfare and productivity. Furthermore, we traced the transformation and channeling of Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins into food raw materials, particularly in the case of aflatoxin contaminated milk, which represents the major route of human exposure among animal-derived foods. The early and reliable detection of aflatoxins in feed, forage and primary commodities is an increasingly important issue and, therefore, the newly developed, easy-to-use qualitative and quantitative aflatoxin analytical methods are also summarized in the review.
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spelling pubmed-69176642020-01-09 Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock Peles, Ferenc Sipos, Péter Győri, Zoltán Pfliegler, Walter P. Giacometti, Federica Serraino, Andrea Pagliuca, Giampiero Gazzotti, Teresa Pócsi, István Front Microbiol Microbiology Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies are applied to minimize the risk of aflatoxin contaminations in feeds. The great economic losses attributable to mycotoxin contaminations have initiated a plethora of research projects to develop new, effective technologies to prevent the highly toxic effects of these secondary metabolites on domestic animals and also to block the carry-over of these mycotoxins to humans through the food chain. Among other areas, this review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of silage production technologies and silage microbiota on aflatoxins, and it also discusses the current applications of probiotic organisms and microbial products in feeding technologies. After ingesting contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in various animals depending on their inherent and acquired physiological properties. These mycotoxins may cause primary aflatoxicoses with versatile, species-specific adverse effects, which are also dependent on the susceptibility of individual animals within a species, and will be a function of the dose and duration of aflatoxin exposures. The transfer of these undesired compounds from contaminated feed into food of animal origin and the aflatoxin residues present in foods become an additional risk to human health, leading to secondary aflatoxicoses. Considering the biological transformation of aflatoxins in livestock, this review summarizes (i) the metabolism of aflatoxins in different animal species, (ii) the deleterious effects of the mycotoxins and their derivatives on the animals, and (iii) the major risks to animal health in terms of the symptoms and consequences of acute or chronic aflatoxicoses, animal welfare and productivity. Furthermore, we traced the transformation and channeling of Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins into food raw materials, particularly in the case of aflatoxin contaminated milk, which represents the major route of human exposure among animal-derived foods. The early and reliable detection of aflatoxins in feed, forage and primary commodities is an increasingly important issue and, therefore, the newly developed, easy-to-use qualitative and quantitative aflatoxin analytical methods are also summarized in the review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6917664/ /pubmed/31921041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861 Text en Copyright © 2019 Peles, Sipos, Győri, Pfliegler, Giacometti, Serraino, Pagliuca, Gazzotti and Pócsi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Peles, Ferenc
Sipos, Péter
Győri, Zoltán
Pfliegler, Walter P.
Giacometti, Federica
Serraino, Andrea
Pagliuca, Giampiero
Gazzotti, Teresa
Pócsi, István
Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title_full Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title_fullStr Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title_full_unstemmed Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title_short Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock
title_sort adverse effects, transformation and channeling of aflatoxins into food raw materials in livestock
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861
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