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Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites

Voids and cracks can fatally degrade structural materials such as metals and ceramics but are tolerated in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites if monitored to prevent their growth to a critical size. Thus, the use of CFRPs as aeronautical structural materials requires an understanding...

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Autores principales: Kimura, Masao, Watanabe, Toshiki, Takeichi, Yasuo, Niwa, Yasuihiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848424
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55904-2
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author Kimura, Masao
Watanabe, Toshiki
Takeichi, Yasuo
Niwa, Yasuihiro
author_facet Kimura, Masao
Watanabe, Toshiki
Takeichi, Yasuo
Niwa, Yasuihiro
author_sort Kimura, Masao
collection PubMed
description Voids and cracks can fatally degrade structural materials such as metals and ceramics but are tolerated in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites if monitored to prevent their growth to a critical size. Thus, the use of CFRPs as aeronautical structural materials requires an understanding of microscopic crack formation. However, this crack-formation mechanism remains unclear because experimental difficulties have hindered studies of relevant phenomena that occur before crack formation. Herein, we report high-resolution (~50 nm) and non-destructive three-dimensional observations of crack initiation and propagation under applied stress. This evaluation reveals that voids and cracks do not simply result from local stresses but instead occur largely through two competing nanoscale mechanisms, namely, fibre/plastic interface debonding and in-plastic crack initiation. Therefore, nanoscopic insights into these heterogeneities are essential for controlling crack initiation and determining reasonable safety margins for CFRP composite use.
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spelling pubmed-69177722019-12-19 Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites Kimura, Masao Watanabe, Toshiki Takeichi, Yasuo Niwa, Yasuihiro Sci Rep Article Voids and cracks can fatally degrade structural materials such as metals and ceramics but are tolerated in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites if monitored to prevent their growth to a critical size. Thus, the use of CFRPs as aeronautical structural materials requires an understanding of microscopic crack formation. However, this crack-formation mechanism remains unclear because experimental difficulties have hindered studies of relevant phenomena that occur before crack formation. Herein, we report high-resolution (~50 nm) and non-destructive three-dimensional observations of crack initiation and propagation under applied stress. This evaluation reveals that voids and cracks do not simply result from local stresses but instead occur largely through two competing nanoscale mechanisms, namely, fibre/plastic interface debonding and in-plastic crack initiation. Therefore, nanoscopic insights into these heterogeneities are essential for controlling crack initiation and determining reasonable safety margins for CFRP composite use. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6917772/ /pubmed/31848424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55904-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Kimura, Masao
Watanabe, Toshiki
Takeichi, Yasuo
Niwa, Yasuihiro
Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title_full Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title_fullStr Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title_full_unstemmed Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title_short Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
title_sort nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848424
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55904-2
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