Cargando…
Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios
PV technologies are increasingly making significant contribution to global energy generation (GEG), attributed to their high potential of increasing efficiency, cost reduction, and improving energy security. These technologies however rely on metals that are identified as critical due to risks assoc...
Autor principal: | |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55853-w |
_version_ | 1783480475822587904 |
---|---|
author | Elshkaki, Ayman |
author_facet | Elshkaki, Ayman |
author_sort | Elshkaki, Ayman |
collection | PubMed |
description | PV technologies are increasingly making significant contribution to global energy generation (GEG), attributed to their high potential of increasing efficiency, cost reduction, and improving energy security. These technologies however rely on metals that are identified as critical due to risks associated with their supply, and other materials that require energy and water for their production. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment of required materials for PV technologies, an analysis of their materials inflows, outflows, and stocks, an estimate of their maximum contribution to global energy scenarios (GES), and an estimate of energy and water required for their material production and associated CO(2) emissions under the nexus approach, have been carried out using a dynamic material flow-stock model. A total of 100 energy-material nexus scenarios, which combines 10 GES and 10 materials scenarios, have been analysed. Results indicate that although most GES are difficult to be realized under current PV technologies market share and condition; these technologies could make significant contribution to GEG in future. The three commercial thin-film PV technologies could produce between 3% and 22% of electricity generation in IEA-450 scenario. Energy required for PV materials production is expected to reach between 5.9% and 11.8% of electricity generated (EG) by PV solar and between 0.76% and 1.52% of total EG in IEA-450 scenario by 2050. CO(2) emissions associated with material production are expected to be between 0.94% and 2.2% of total CO(2) emissions in IEA-450 scenario by 2050. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6917800 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69178002019-12-19 Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios Elshkaki, Ayman Sci Rep Article PV technologies are increasingly making significant contribution to global energy generation (GEG), attributed to their high potential of increasing efficiency, cost reduction, and improving energy security. These technologies however rely on metals that are identified as critical due to risks associated with their supply, and other materials that require energy and water for their production. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment of required materials for PV technologies, an analysis of their materials inflows, outflows, and stocks, an estimate of their maximum contribution to global energy scenarios (GES), and an estimate of energy and water required for their material production and associated CO(2) emissions under the nexus approach, have been carried out using a dynamic material flow-stock model. A total of 100 energy-material nexus scenarios, which combines 10 GES and 10 materials scenarios, have been analysed. Results indicate that although most GES are difficult to be realized under current PV technologies market share and condition; these technologies could make significant contribution to GEG in future. The three commercial thin-film PV technologies could produce between 3% and 22% of electricity generation in IEA-450 scenario. Energy required for PV materials production is expected to reach between 5.9% and 11.8% of electricity generated (EG) by PV solar and between 0.76% and 1.52% of total EG in IEA-450 scenario by 2050. CO(2) emissions associated with material production are expected to be between 0.94% and 2.2% of total CO(2) emissions in IEA-450 scenario by 2050. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6917800/ /pubmed/31848432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55853-w Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Elshkaki, Ayman Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title | Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title_full | Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title_fullStr | Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title_full_unstemmed | Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title_short | Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
title_sort | materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of pv solar technologies to global energy scenarios |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55853-w |
work_keys_str_mv | AT elshkakiayman materialsenergywaterandemissionsnexusimpactsonthefuturecontributionofpvsolartechnologiestoglobalenergyscenarios |