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Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria in heavy draft mares before and after mating
While intrauterine fluid (IUF) is observed as mucous in healthy mares during estrus, the presence of IUF during diestrus is an indicator of endometritis. Mating induces endometrial inflammation in healthy mares, called mating-induced endometritis, that disappears within 1–2 days after mating. On the...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Japanese Society of Equine Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31871408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.75 |
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author | CHIBA, Akiko UJIIE, Yukari AOKI, Takahiro |
author_facet | CHIBA, Akiko UJIIE, Yukari AOKI, Takahiro |
author_sort | CHIBA, Akiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | While intrauterine fluid (IUF) is observed as mucous in healthy mares during estrus, the presence of IUF during diestrus is an indicator of endometritis. Mating induces endometrial inflammation in healthy mares, called mating-induced endometritis, that disappears within 1–2 days after mating. On the other hand, it is also known that IUF remaining beyond 12 hr after mating can cause persistent inflammation, bacterial growth, and decreased fertility. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of IUF and cervical bacteria before and after mating. Mares were classified into three groups based on the degree of IUF: Grade 1 (G1), neither IUF nor echogenic lines at the inner lining of the uterus; Grade 2 (G2), small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or an echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity; and Grade 3 (G3), obvious IUF (≥0.5 cm in diameter). The positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares before mating were 15.8% (n=6/38), 25.9% (n=7/27), and 31.8% (n=14/44), respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. After mating, the positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares were 18.2% (n=2/11), 56.1% (n=23/41), and 72.3% (n=34/47), respectively. The positive culture rates were significantly higher in G2 (P<0.05) and G3 (P<0.01) mares compared with G1 mares. These results from after mating suggest that not only mares with obvious IUF but also those with a small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity are at risk of mating-induced endometritis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6920059 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Japanese Society of Equine Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69200592019-12-23 Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria in heavy draft mares before and after mating CHIBA, Akiko UJIIE, Yukari AOKI, Takahiro J Equine Sci Full Paper While intrauterine fluid (IUF) is observed as mucous in healthy mares during estrus, the presence of IUF during diestrus is an indicator of endometritis. Mating induces endometrial inflammation in healthy mares, called mating-induced endometritis, that disappears within 1–2 days after mating. On the other hand, it is also known that IUF remaining beyond 12 hr after mating can cause persistent inflammation, bacterial growth, and decreased fertility. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of IUF and cervical bacteria before and after mating. Mares were classified into three groups based on the degree of IUF: Grade 1 (G1), neither IUF nor echogenic lines at the inner lining of the uterus; Grade 2 (G2), small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or an echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity; and Grade 3 (G3), obvious IUF (≥0.5 cm in diameter). The positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares before mating were 15.8% (n=6/38), 25.9% (n=7/27), and 31.8% (n=14/44), respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. After mating, the positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares were 18.2% (n=2/11), 56.1% (n=23/41), and 72.3% (n=34/47), respectively. The positive culture rates were significantly higher in G2 (P<0.05) and G3 (P<0.01) mares compared with G1 mares. These results from after mating suggest that not only mares with obvious IUF but also those with a small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity are at risk of mating-induced endometritis. The Japanese Society of Equine Science 2019-12-18 2019-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6920059/ /pubmed/31871408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.75 Text en ©2019 The Japanese Society of Equine Science This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Full Paper CHIBA, Akiko UJIIE, Yukari AOKI, Takahiro Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title | Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title_full | Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title_fullStr | Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title_short | Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
title_sort | relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria
in heavy draft mares before and after mating |
topic | Full Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31871408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.75 |
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