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Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria: The Zombie Cell Effect
[Image: see text] We report a biocidal zombie effect of chlorhexidine, a wide-scope biocidal agent commonly used in disinfectant and antiseptic formulations. The zombie effect refers to the ability of dead bacteria killed by a biocidal agent to act as efficient biocidal agents toward a new generatio...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical
Society
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6921249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00297 |
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author | Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, Racheli Pedahzur, Rami Avnir, David |
author_facet | Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, Racheli Pedahzur, Rami Avnir, David |
author_sort | Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, Racheli |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] We report a biocidal zombie effect of chlorhexidine, a wide-scope biocidal agent commonly used in disinfectant and antiseptic formulations. The zombie effect refers to the ability of dead bacteria killed by a biocidal agent to act as efficient biocidal agents toward a new generation of viable bacteria. The killed bacteria serve as a reservoir for the antibacterial agent incorporated within them; and the new viable population of bacteria acts as a trap of the bioactive agent, shifting the equilibrium of this agent between the reservoir in the dead cells and their aqueous environment. This report is a major generalization of the zombie phenomenon reported previously for silver from the points of view of extending to organic antibacterial agents; extending the effect to both Gram-negative—Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1—and Gram positive—Staphylococcus aureus—representative bacteria; showing that the zombie effect is maintained in the second and third generations; showing the effect to operate in an environment of growth media, which extends it to life-supporting environments; and proving that cross-killing is possible, that is, killed S. aureus cells fully inactivated viable P. aeruginosa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6921249 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American Chemical
Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69212492019-12-20 Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria: The Zombie Cell Effect Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, Racheli Pedahzur, Rami Avnir, David ACS Omega [Image: see text] We report a biocidal zombie effect of chlorhexidine, a wide-scope biocidal agent commonly used in disinfectant and antiseptic formulations. The zombie effect refers to the ability of dead bacteria killed by a biocidal agent to act as efficient biocidal agents toward a new generation of viable bacteria. The killed bacteria serve as a reservoir for the antibacterial agent incorporated within them; and the new viable population of bacteria acts as a trap of the bioactive agent, shifting the equilibrium of this agent between the reservoir in the dead cells and their aqueous environment. This report is a major generalization of the zombie phenomenon reported previously for silver from the points of view of extending to organic antibacterial agents; extending the effect to both Gram-negative—Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1—and Gram positive—Staphylococcus aureus—representative bacteria; showing that the zombie effect is maintained in the second and third generations; showing the effect to operate in an environment of growth media, which extends it to life-supporting environments; and proving that cross-killing is possible, that is, killed S. aureus cells fully inactivated viable P. aeruginosa. American Chemical Society 2019-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6921249/ /pubmed/31867476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00297 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, Racheli Pedahzur, Rami Avnir, David Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria: The Zombie Cell Effect |
title | Antibacterial Activity
of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria:
The Zombie Cell Effect |
title_full | Antibacterial Activity
of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria:
The Zombie Cell Effect |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial Activity
of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria:
The Zombie Cell Effect |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial Activity
of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria:
The Zombie Cell Effect |
title_short | Antibacterial Activity
of Chlorhexidine-Killed Bacteria:
The Zombie Cell Effect |
title_sort | antibacterial activity
of chlorhexidine-killed bacteria:
the zombie cell effect |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6921249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00297 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT benknazwakshlakracheli antibacterialactivityofchlorhexidinekilledbacteriathezombiecelleffect AT pedahzurrami antibacterialactivityofchlorhexidinekilledbacteriathezombiecelleffect AT avnirdavid antibacterialactivityofchlorhexidinekilledbacteriathezombiecelleffect |