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Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Human toxocariasis is an important neglected disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the global and regional prevalence of anti-Toxocara serum antibodies (referred to as ‘T-seroprevalence’) in human populations around the world. METHODS: We searched...

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Autores principales: Rostami, Ali, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Holland, Celia V., Taghipour, Ali, Khalili-Fomeshi, Mohsen, Fakhri, Yadolah, Omrani, Vahid Fallah, Hotez, Peter J., Gasser, Robin B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6922318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31856156
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007809
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author Rostami, Ali
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Holland, Celia V.
Taghipour, Ali
Khalili-Fomeshi, Mohsen
Fakhri, Yadolah
Omrani, Vahid Fallah
Hotez, Peter J.
Gasser, Robin B.
author_facet Rostami, Ali
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Holland, Celia V.
Taghipour, Ali
Khalili-Fomeshi, Mohsen
Fakhri, Yadolah
Omrani, Vahid Fallah
Hotez, Peter J.
Gasser, Robin B.
author_sort Rostami, Ali
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Human toxocariasis is an important neglected disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the global and regional prevalence of anti-Toxocara serum antibodies (referred to as ‘T-seroprevalence’) in human populations around the world. METHODS: We searched five international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus) for seroprevalence studies published from 1 January 1980 to 15 March 2019. We used random effect models to calculate the overall T-seroprevalence (with 95% CIs) in all six WHO regions and worldwide. We also conducted subgroup and linear meta-regression analyses to evaluate the impact of socio-demographic, geographical and climatic parameters on seroprevalence. RESULTS: We identified 250 eligible studies (253 datasets) comprising 265,327 participants in 71 countries for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The estimated global T-seroprevalence rate was 19.0% (95%CI, 16.6–21.4%; 62,927/265,327); seroprevalence was highest in the African region (37.7%; 25.7–50.6%) and lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8.2%; 5.1–12.0%). The pooled seroprevalence for other WHO regions was 34.1% (20.2–49.4%) in the South-East Asia; 24.2% (16.0–33.5%) in the Western Pacific; 22.8% (19.7–26.0%) in the American; and 10.5% (8.5–12.8%) in the European regions. A significantly higher T-seroprevalence was associated with a lower income level; lower human development index (HDI); lower latitude; higher humidity; higher temperature; and higher precipitation (P-value < 0.001). Potential risk factors associated with seropositivity to Toxocara included male gender; living in a rural area; young age; close contact with dogs, cats or soil; consumption of raw meat; and the drinking of untreated water. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate high levels of infection with, or exposure to Toxocara spp. in many countries, which calls for increased attention to human toxocariasis and improved measures to prevent adverse health risks of this disease.
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spelling pubmed-69223182020-01-07 Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis Rostami, Ali Riahi, Seyed Mohammad Holland, Celia V. Taghipour, Ali Khalili-Fomeshi, Mohsen Fakhri, Yadolah Omrani, Vahid Fallah Hotez, Peter J. Gasser, Robin B. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Human toxocariasis is an important neglected disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the global and regional prevalence of anti-Toxocara serum antibodies (referred to as ‘T-seroprevalence’) in human populations around the world. METHODS: We searched five international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus) for seroprevalence studies published from 1 January 1980 to 15 March 2019. We used random effect models to calculate the overall T-seroprevalence (with 95% CIs) in all six WHO regions and worldwide. We also conducted subgroup and linear meta-regression analyses to evaluate the impact of socio-demographic, geographical and climatic parameters on seroprevalence. RESULTS: We identified 250 eligible studies (253 datasets) comprising 265,327 participants in 71 countries for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The estimated global T-seroprevalence rate was 19.0% (95%CI, 16.6–21.4%; 62,927/265,327); seroprevalence was highest in the African region (37.7%; 25.7–50.6%) and lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8.2%; 5.1–12.0%). The pooled seroprevalence for other WHO regions was 34.1% (20.2–49.4%) in the South-East Asia; 24.2% (16.0–33.5%) in the Western Pacific; 22.8% (19.7–26.0%) in the American; and 10.5% (8.5–12.8%) in the European regions. A significantly higher T-seroprevalence was associated with a lower income level; lower human development index (HDI); lower latitude; higher humidity; higher temperature; and higher precipitation (P-value < 0.001). Potential risk factors associated with seropositivity to Toxocara included male gender; living in a rural area; young age; close contact with dogs, cats or soil; consumption of raw meat; and the drinking of untreated water. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate high levels of infection with, or exposure to Toxocara spp. in many countries, which calls for increased attention to human toxocariasis and improved measures to prevent adverse health risks of this disease. Public Library of Science 2019-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6922318/ /pubmed/31856156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007809 Text en © 2019 Rostami et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rostami, Ali
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Holland, Celia V.
Taghipour, Ali
Khalili-Fomeshi, Mohsen
Fakhri, Yadolah
Omrani, Vahid Fallah
Hotez, Peter J.
Gasser, Robin B.
Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6922318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31856156
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007809
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