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The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review
The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31864312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y |
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author | Feng, Zili Sun, Qian Chen, Wang Bai, Yu Hu, Daihua Xie, Xin |
author_facet | Feng, Zili Sun, Qian Chen, Wang Bai, Yu Hu, Daihua Xie, Xin |
author_sort | Feng, Zili |
collection | PubMed |
description | The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuron death and apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. Thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and mechanical embolectomy with a retrievable stent are two recognized strategies to achieve reperfusion after a stroke. Nevertheless, rtPA has a narrow therapeutic timeframe, and mechanical embolectomy has limited rates of good neurological outcomes. EGb761 is a standardized and extensively studied extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The ginkgolides and bilobalide that constitute a critical part of EGb761 have demonstrated protective properties towards cerebral injury. Ginkgolides include Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB), Ginkgolide C (GC), Ginkgolide J (GJ), Ginkgolide K (GK), Ginkgolide L (GL), and Ginkgolide M (GM). This review seeks to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ginkgolides, especially GA and GB, and bilobalide in cerebral injury following ischemic strokes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6925848 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69258482019-12-30 The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review Feng, Zili Sun, Qian Chen, Wang Bai, Yu Hu, Daihua Xie, Xin Mol Med Review The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuron death and apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. Thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and mechanical embolectomy with a retrievable stent are two recognized strategies to achieve reperfusion after a stroke. Nevertheless, rtPA has a narrow therapeutic timeframe, and mechanical embolectomy has limited rates of good neurological outcomes. EGb761 is a standardized and extensively studied extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The ginkgolides and bilobalide that constitute a critical part of EGb761 have demonstrated protective properties towards cerebral injury. Ginkgolides include Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB), Ginkgolide C (GC), Ginkgolide J (GJ), Ginkgolide K (GK), Ginkgolide L (GL), and Ginkgolide M (GM). This review seeks to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ginkgolides, especially GA and GB, and bilobalide in cerebral injury following ischemic strokes. BioMed Central 2019-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6925848/ /pubmed/31864312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Feng, Zili Sun, Qian Chen, Wang Bai, Yu Hu, Daihua Xie, Xin The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title | The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title_full | The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title_fullStr | The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title_full_unstemmed | The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title_short | The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
title_sort | neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31864312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y |
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