Cargando…

A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of tick-borne fever, equine, canine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The common route of A. phagocytophilum transmission is through a tick bite, the main vector in Europe being Ixodes ricinus. Despite the apparently ubiquitous presence of the pathogen A. ph...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Matei, Ioana A., Estrada-Peña, Agustín, Cutler, Sally J., Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, Varela-Castro, Lucía, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Zeller, Herve, Mihalca, Andrei D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31864403
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3852-6
_version_ 1783481991876837376
author Matei, Ioana A.
Estrada-Peña, Agustín
Cutler, Sally J.
Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel
Varela-Castro, Lucía
Potkonjak, Aleksandar
Zeller, Herve
Mihalca, Andrei D.
author_facet Matei, Ioana A.
Estrada-Peña, Agustín
Cutler, Sally J.
Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel
Varela-Castro, Lucía
Potkonjak, Aleksandar
Zeller, Herve
Mihalca, Andrei D.
author_sort Matei, Ioana A.
collection PubMed
description Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of tick-borne fever, equine, canine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The common route of A. phagocytophilum transmission is through a tick bite, the main vector in Europe being Ixodes ricinus. Despite the apparently ubiquitous presence of the pathogen A. phagocytophilum in ticks and various wild and domestic animals from Europe, up to date published clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) remain rare compared to the worldwide status. It is unclear if this reflects the epidemiological dynamics of the human infection in Europe or if the disease is underdiagnosed or underreported. Epidemiologic studies in Europe have suggested an increased occupational risk of infection for forestry workers, hunters, veterinarians, and farmers with a tick-bite history and living in endemic areas. Although the overall genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in Europe is higher than in the USA, the strains responsible for the human infections are related on both continents. However, the study of the genetic variability and assessment of the difference of pathogenicity and infectivity between strains to various hosts has been insufficiently explored to date. Most of the European HGA cases presented as a mild infection, common clinical signs being pyrexia, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. The diagnosis of HGA in the USA was recommended to be based on clinical signs and the patient’s history and later confirmed using specialized laboratory tests. However, in Europe since the majority of cases are presenting as mild infection, laboratory tests may be performed before the treatment in order to avoid antibiotic overuse. The drug of choice for HGA is doxycycline and because of potential for serious complication the treatment should be instituted on clinical suspicion alone.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6925858
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-69258582019-12-30 A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe Matei, Ioana A. Estrada-Peña, Agustín Cutler, Sally J. Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel Varela-Castro, Lucía Potkonjak, Aleksandar Zeller, Herve Mihalca, Andrei D. Parasit Vectors Review Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of tick-borne fever, equine, canine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The common route of A. phagocytophilum transmission is through a tick bite, the main vector in Europe being Ixodes ricinus. Despite the apparently ubiquitous presence of the pathogen A. phagocytophilum in ticks and various wild and domestic animals from Europe, up to date published clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) remain rare compared to the worldwide status. It is unclear if this reflects the epidemiological dynamics of the human infection in Europe or if the disease is underdiagnosed or underreported. Epidemiologic studies in Europe have suggested an increased occupational risk of infection for forestry workers, hunters, veterinarians, and farmers with a tick-bite history and living in endemic areas. Although the overall genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in Europe is higher than in the USA, the strains responsible for the human infections are related on both continents. However, the study of the genetic variability and assessment of the difference of pathogenicity and infectivity between strains to various hosts has been insufficiently explored to date. Most of the European HGA cases presented as a mild infection, common clinical signs being pyrexia, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. The diagnosis of HGA in the USA was recommended to be based on clinical signs and the patient’s history and later confirmed using specialized laboratory tests. However, in Europe since the majority of cases are presenting as mild infection, laboratory tests may be performed before the treatment in order to avoid antibiotic overuse. The drug of choice for HGA is doxycycline and because of potential for serious complication the treatment should be instituted on clinical suspicion alone. BioMed Central 2019-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6925858/ /pubmed/31864403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3852-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Matei, Ioana A.
Estrada-Peña, Agustín
Cutler, Sally J.
Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel
Varela-Castro, Lucía
Potkonjak, Aleksandar
Zeller, Herve
Mihalca, Andrei D.
A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title_full A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title_fullStr A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title_full_unstemmed A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title_short A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
title_sort review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in europe
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31864403
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3852-6
work_keys_str_mv AT mateiioanaa areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT estradapenaagustin areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT cutlersallyj areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT vayssiertaussatmuriel areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT varelacastrolucia areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT potkonjakaleksandar areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT zellerherve areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT mihalcaandreid areviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT mateiioanaa reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT estradapenaagustin reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT cutlersallyj reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT vayssiertaussatmuriel reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT varelacastrolucia reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT potkonjakaleksandar reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT zellerherve reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope
AT mihalcaandreid reviewontheecoepidemiologyandclinicalmanagementofhumangranulocyticanaplasmosisanditsagentineurope