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Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review
Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6926585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31775348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233892 |
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author | Mauger, Alain Julien, Christian M. Paolella, Andrea Armand, Michel Zaghib, Karim |
author_facet | Mauger, Alain Julien, Christian M. Paolella, Andrea Armand, Michel Zaghib, Karim |
author_sort | Mauger, Alain |
collection | PubMed |
description | Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to solid electrolytes stricto sensu, there are other electrolytes that are mainly solids, but with some added liquid. In some cases, the amount of liquid added is only on the microliter scale; the addition of liquid is aimed at only improving the contact between a solid-state electrolyte and an electrode, for instance. In some other cases, the amount of liquid is larger, as in the case of gel polymers. It is also an acceptable solution if the amount of liquid is small enough to maintain the safety of the cell; such cases are also considered in this review. Different chemistries are examined, including not only Li-air, Li–O(2), and Li–S, but also sodium-ion batteries, which are also subject to intensive research. The challenges toward commercialization are also considered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6926585 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69265852019-12-24 Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review Mauger, Alain Julien, Christian M. Paolella, Andrea Armand, Michel Zaghib, Karim Materials (Basel) Review Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to solid electrolytes stricto sensu, there are other electrolytes that are mainly solids, but with some added liquid. In some cases, the amount of liquid added is only on the microliter scale; the addition of liquid is aimed at only improving the contact between a solid-state electrolyte and an electrode, for instance. In some other cases, the amount of liquid is larger, as in the case of gel polymers. It is also an acceptable solution if the amount of liquid is small enough to maintain the safety of the cell; such cases are also considered in this review. Different chemistries are examined, including not only Li-air, Li–O(2), and Li–S, but also sodium-ion batteries, which are also subject to intensive research. The challenges toward commercialization are also considered. MDPI 2019-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6926585/ /pubmed/31775348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233892 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mauger, Alain Julien, Christian M. Paolella, Andrea Armand, Michel Zaghib, Karim Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title | Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title_full | Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title_fullStr | Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title_short | Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review |
title_sort | building better batteries in the solid state: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6926585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31775348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233892 |
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