Towards Creation of Ceramic-Based Low Permeability Reference Standards

Low-permeable materials, either artificial or natural, are essential components of the current technological development. Their production or processing requires a comprehensive characterization method based on confident reference standards. Permeability standards for values below 10(−15) m(2) are lacking. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using the ceramic sintering process to reach low, but measurable values of gas permeability in Al(2)O(3) samples, as one of the potential materials for reference standards. The studied samples were produced with a ceramic 3D printer, which enables the manufacturing of low-permeable samples having complex geometrical arrangements. A series of preliminary laboratory testing indicated the available gas permeability range from 2.4 × 10(−15) m(2) for the pre-sintered samples to 1.8 × 10(−21) m(2) for the sintered samples. The verification of the permeability reduction was carried out using a unique unsteady state fast and accurate measurement method. The results confirm the possibility of developing a technology for materials manufacturing with low porosity and permeability. Such materials open many areas for application, including manufacturing of ceramics with controlled transport properties and low-permeability standards for calibrating laboratory equipment for geosciences, construction industries, biomedical, and other relevant fields.