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The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair

Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous family of vesicles, generated from different subcellular compartments and released into the extracellular space. Composed of a lipid bilayer encompassing both soluble cytosolic material and nuclear components, these organelles have been recently described a...

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Autores principales: Oggero, Silvia, Austin-Williams, Shani, Norling, Lucy Victoria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01479
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author Oggero, Silvia
Austin-Williams, Shani
Norling, Lucy Victoria
author_facet Oggero, Silvia
Austin-Williams, Shani
Norling, Lucy Victoria
author_sort Oggero, Silvia
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous family of vesicles, generated from different subcellular compartments and released into the extracellular space. Composed of a lipid bilayer encompassing both soluble cytosolic material and nuclear components, these organelles have been recently described as novel regulators of intercellular communication between adjacent and remote cells. Due to their diversified composition and biological content, they portray specific signatures of cellular activation and pathological processes, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has raised significant interest in cardiovascular diseases. Circulating vesicles, especially those released from platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells are found to play a critical role in activating several fundamental cells within the vasculature, including endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Their intrinsic activity and immunomodulatory properties lends them to not only promote vascular inflammation, but also enhance tissue regeneration, vascular repair, and indeed resolution. In this review we aim to recapitulate the recent findings concerning the roles played by EVs that originate from different circulating cells, with particular reference to their action on the endothelium. We focus herein, on the interaction of platelet and leukocyte EVs with the endothelium. In addition, their potential biological function in promoting tissue resolution and vascular repair will also be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-69285932020-01-09 The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair Oggero, Silvia Austin-Williams, Shani Norling, Lucy Victoria Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous family of vesicles, generated from different subcellular compartments and released into the extracellular space. Composed of a lipid bilayer encompassing both soluble cytosolic material and nuclear components, these organelles have been recently described as novel regulators of intercellular communication between adjacent and remote cells. Due to their diversified composition and biological content, they portray specific signatures of cellular activation and pathological processes, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has raised significant interest in cardiovascular diseases. Circulating vesicles, especially those released from platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells are found to play a critical role in activating several fundamental cells within the vasculature, including endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Their intrinsic activity and immunomodulatory properties lends them to not only promote vascular inflammation, but also enhance tissue regeneration, vascular repair, and indeed resolution. In this review we aim to recapitulate the recent findings concerning the roles played by EVs that originate from different circulating cells, with particular reference to their action on the endothelium. We focus herein, on the interaction of platelet and leukocyte EVs with the endothelium. In addition, their potential biological function in promoting tissue resolution and vascular repair will also be discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6928593/ /pubmed/31920664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01479 Text en Copyright © 2019 Oggero, Austin-Williams and Norling http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Oggero, Silvia
Austin-Williams, Shani
Norling, Lucy Victoria
The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title_full The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title_fullStr The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title_full_unstemmed The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title_short The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair
title_sort contrasting role of extracellular vesicles in vascular inflammation and tissue repair
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01479
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