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Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
There are three critical pathways for the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): the prostacyclin (prostaglandin I(2)) (PGI(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin pathways. The current approved drugs targeting these three pathways, including prostacyclin (PGI(2)), pho...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31771203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235885 |
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author | Nakamura, Kazufumi Akagi, Satoshi Ejiri, Kentaro Yoshida, Masashi Miyoshi, Toru Toh, Norihisa Nakagawa, Koji Takaya, Yoichi Matsubara, Hiromi Ito, Hiroshi |
author_facet | Nakamura, Kazufumi Akagi, Satoshi Ejiri, Kentaro Yoshida, Masashi Miyoshi, Toru Toh, Norihisa Nakagawa, Koji Takaya, Yoichi Matsubara, Hiromi Ito, Hiroshi |
author_sort | Nakamura, Kazufumi |
collection | PubMed |
description | There are three critical pathways for the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): the prostacyclin (prostaglandin I(2)) (PGI(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin pathways. The current approved drugs targeting these three pathways, including prostacyclin (PGI(2)), phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), have been shown to be effective, however, PAH remains a severe clinical condition and the long-term survival of patients with PAH is still suboptimal. The full therapeutic abilities of available drugs are reduced by medication, patient non-compliance, and side effects. Nanoparticles are expected to address these problems by providing a novel drug delivery approach for the treatment of PAH. Drug-loaded nanoparticles for local delivery can optimize the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of drugs. Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) analogue, PDE5 inhibitors, ERA, pitavastatin, imatinib, rapamycin, fasudil, and oligonucleotides-loaded nanoparticles have been reported to be effective in animal PAH models and in vitro studies. However, the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle mediated-drug delivery systems for PAH treatment in humans are unknown and further clinical studies are required to clarify these points. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6928621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69286212019-12-26 Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Nakamura, Kazufumi Akagi, Satoshi Ejiri, Kentaro Yoshida, Masashi Miyoshi, Toru Toh, Norihisa Nakagawa, Koji Takaya, Yoichi Matsubara, Hiromi Ito, Hiroshi Int J Mol Sci Review There are three critical pathways for the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): the prostacyclin (prostaglandin I(2)) (PGI(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin pathways. The current approved drugs targeting these three pathways, including prostacyclin (PGI(2)), phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), have been shown to be effective, however, PAH remains a severe clinical condition and the long-term survival of patients with PAH is still suboptimal. The full therapeutic abilities of available drugs are reduced by medication, patient non-compliance, and side effects. Nanoparticles are expected to address these problems by providing a novel drug delivery approach for the treatment of PAH. Drug-loaded nanoparticles for local delivery can optimize the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of drugs. Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) analogue, PDE5 inhibitors, ERA, pitavastatin, imatinib, rapamycin, fasudil, and oligonucleotides-loaded nanoparticles have been reported to be effective in animal PAH models and in vitro studies. However, the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle mediated-drug delivery systems for PAH treatment in humans are unknown and further clinical studies are required to clarify these points. MDPI 2019-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6928621/ /pubmed/31771203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235885 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Nakamura, Kazufumi Akagi, Satoshi Ejiri, Kentaro Yoshida, Masashi Miyoshi, Toru Toh, Norihisa Nakagawa, Koji Takaya, Yoichi Matsubara, Hiromi Ito, Hiroshi Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title | Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title_full | Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title_fullStr | Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title_short | Current Treatment Strategies and Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
title_sort | current treatment strategies and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems for pulmonary arterial hypertension |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31771203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235885 |
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