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Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond

Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoprot...

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Autores principales: Fuior, Elena V., Gafencu, Anca V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235939
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author Fuior, Elena V.
Gafencu, Anca V.
author_facet Fuior, Elena V.
Gafencu, Anca V.
author_sort Fuior, Elena V.
collection PubMed
description Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and—not last—to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential.
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spelling pubmed-69287222019-12-26 Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond Fuior, Elena V. Gafencu, Anca V. Int J Mol Sci Review Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and—not last—to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential. MDPI 2019-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6928722/ /pubmed/31779116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235939 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fuior, Elena V.
Gafencu, Anca V.
Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title_full Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title_fullStr Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title_full_unstemmed Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title_short Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond
title_sort apolipoprotein c1: its pleiotropic effects in lipid metabolism and beyond
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235939
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