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Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is part of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that surrounds the heart and it is a quantifiable, modifiable, and multifaceted tissue that has both local and systemic effects. When EAT is enlarged, EAT contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk a...

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Autores principales: Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C., Iacobellis, Gianluca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795098
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235989
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author Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C.
Iacobellis, Gianluca
author_facet Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C.
Iacobellis, Gianluca
author_sort Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C.
collection PubMed
description Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is part of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that surrounds the heart and it is a quantifiable, modifiable, and multifaceted tissue that has both local and systemic effects. When EAT is enlarged, EAT contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this review, we will discuss the role of EAT in various facets of MetS, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. We examine the association between EAT and liver steatosis. We also address the correlations of EAT with HIV therapy and with psoriasis. We discuss racial differences in baseline EAT thickness. We conclude that EAT measurement serves as a powerful potential diagnostic tool in assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Measurement of EAT is made less costly, more convenient, and yet accurate and reliable by transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, modification of EAT thickness has therapeutic implications for ASCVD, T2DM, and MetS.
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spelling pubmed-69290152019-12-26 Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C. Iacobellis, Gianluca Int J Mol Sci Review Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is part of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that surrounds the heart and it is a quantifiable, modifiable, and multifaceted tissue that has both local and systemic effects. When EAT is enlarged, EAT contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this review, we will discuss the role of EAT in various facets of MetS, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. We examine the association between EAT and liver steatosis. We also address the correlations of EAT with HIV therapy and with psoriasis. We discuss racial differences in baseline EAT thickness. We conclude that EAT measurement serves as a powerful potential diagnostic tool in assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Measurement of EAT is made less costly, more convenient, and yet accurate and reliable by transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, modification of EAT thickness has therapeutic implications for ASCVD, T2DM, and MetS. MDPI 2019-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6929015/ /pubmed/31795098 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235989 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Villasante Fricke, Alexandra C.
Iacobellis, Gianluca
Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title_full Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title_fullStr Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title_full_unstemmed Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title_short Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Clinical Biomarker of Cardio-Metabolic Risk
title_sort epicardial adipose tissue: clinical biomarker of cardio-metabolic risk
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795098
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235989
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