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Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235982 |
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author | Baek, Ahreum Shin, Ji Cheol Lee, Min-Young Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Jiyong Cho, Sung-Rae |
author_facet | Baek, Ahreum Shin, Ji Cheol Lee, Min-Young Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Jiyong Cho, Sung-Rae |
author_sort | Baek, Ahreum |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. To investigate gene expression profiling in the fibroblasts from SCI patients compared to the healthy subjects, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed. To validate the parasympathetic effects on cell cycle activation, fibroblasts from upper or lower limbs of SCI patients were treated with the anticholinergic agents tiotropium or acetylcholine, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. The pathway and genes involved in cell cycle were identified by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Expression of cell-cycle-related genes CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, BUB1, and CDC20 were significantly higher in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. When the fibroblasts were treated with tiotropium the upper limbs and acetylcholine in the lower limbs, the expression of cell-cycle-related genes and cell proliferation were significantly modulated. This study provided the insight that cell proliferation and cell cycle activation were observed to be significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients via the parasympathetic effect. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6929129 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69291292019-12-26 Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Baek, Ahreum Shin, Ji Cheol Lee, Min-Young Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Jiyong Cho, Sung-Rae Int J Mol Sci Article The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. To investigate gene expression profiling in the fibroblasts from SCI patients compared to the healthy subjects, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed. To validate the parasympathetic effects on cell cycle activation, fibroblasts from upper or lower limbs of SCI patients were treated with the anticholinergic agents tiotropium or acetylcholine, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. The pathway and genes involved in cell cycle were identified by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Expression of cell-cycle-related genes CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, BUB1, and CDC20 were significantly higher in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. When the fibroblasts were treated with tiotropium the upper limbs and acetylcholine in the lower limbs, the expression of cell-cycle-related genes and cell proliferation were significantly modulated. This study provided the insight that cell proliferation and cell cycle activation were observed to be significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients via the parasympathetic effect. MDPI 2019-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6929129/ /pubmed/31783707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235982 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Baek, Ahreum Shin, Ji Cheol Lee, Min-Young Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Jiyong Cho, Sung-Rae Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title | Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full | Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title_fullStr | Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title_short | Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury |
title_sort | parasympathetic effect induces cell cycle activation in upper limbs of paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235982 |
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