Pulmonary Infection Caused by Mycobacterium terrae: A Case Report and Literature Review

Mycobacterium terrae infection can cause progressive debilitating disease. A case of a 63-year-old man with localized pulmonary infection characterized by extensive, thick-walled cavitary lesions is presented. A pneumonectomy was considered as definitive treatment, but the patient would not have tolerated the procedure given his severe deconditioning. Instead, he was placed on lifelong antibiotic treatment, but he continued to deteriorate and passed away. The slow-growing microorganism, Mycobacterium terrae, was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage cultures seven weeks after specimen collection, five and a half weeks after the patient’s death. Clinical, microbiological and therapeutic data from this case and 16 other pulmonary cases from the literature are reviewed. Increased awareness of this microorganism will allow clinicians to consider Mycobacterium terrae in their differential diagnosis when dealing with nontuberculous mycobacteria infections.