Nonlinear Evolution and Breakup of the Cavitating Liquid Jet Surrounded by the Rotary Compressible Air

[Image: see text] A nonlinear dispersion relationship has been established to study the surface evolution and breakup of the cavitating liquid jet with cavitation bubbles surrounded by the rotary air, and the built dispersion relationship and its solution are validated by comparing with the results in the reference. The effects of air rotation, fluid compressibility, and bubble volume fraction on jet morphology are investigated mainly. Air rotation changes the dominant mode of perturbation wave on the jet surface, and more uneven corrugated flows are formed at the interface with the increase of gas rotational strength. The fluid compressibility has little impact on jet morphology in the circumferential direction, while it has some impacts on the axial morphology, especially on the arrangement of droplets. Cavitation bubbles will affect the jet morphology, while the effect is smaller than gas rotation. Both swirling gas and fluid compressibility promote the jet breakup, while the influence of compressibility on jet breakup is obviously greater than gas rotation. In addition, the bubble volume fraction will promote the breakup of the cavitating liquid jet; however, this kind of promoting impact decreases with the increase of the cavitation bubble volume fraction.