Cargando…

The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Sodium intake is excessive among Spanish children, but the salt use behaviors of parents and children are unknown. This study aims to determine behaviors related to salt intake in both schoolchildren and parents and the relationship between parental behaviors and 24 h urinary sodium excr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cuadrado-Soto, Esther, Peral-Suarez, África, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena, Aparicio, Aránzazu, Andrés, Pedro, Ortega, Rosa M., López-Sobaler, Ana M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6934279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31881048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227035
_version_ 1783483356431777792
author Cuadrado-Soto, Esther
Peral-Suarez, África
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena
Aparicio, Aránzazu
Andrés, Pedro
Ortega, Rosa M.
López-Sobaler, Ana M.
author_facet Cuadrado-Soto, Esther
Peral-Suarez, África
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena
Aparicio, Aránzazu
Andrés, Pedro
Ortega, Rosa M.
López-Sobaler, Ana M.
author_sort Cuadrado-Soto, Esther
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Sodium intake is excessive among Spanish children, but the salt use behaviors of parents and children are unknown. This study aims to determine behaviors related to salt intake in both schoolchildren and parents and the relationship between parental behaviors and 24 h urinary sodium excretion (UNa-24h) in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A convenience sample was taken from a cross-sectional analysis. Parents completed a self-reported questionnaire about their behaviors related to salt, and their responses were compared with the UNa-24h of their own children. The median test was used to identify differences in UNa-24h according to behaviors. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the behaviors of parents and high sodium excretion in the children and the risk of children’s use of table salt, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted by the covariates, were used to study the children’s salt preferences. RESULTS: A total of 329 schoolchildren from different Spanish provinces were included in the study (mean age: 9.0 ± 1.2 years, 157 girls). The majority of families (parents mean age: 42.0 ± 5.2 years) reported adding salt to food during cooking (92%), and 59% of them never looked at the sodium content on food labels. However, none of these behaviors were related to UNa-24h (p > 0.05). The use of iodized salt (53%), the presence of a salt shaker on the table (6%), and the use of table salt by fathers (57%), mothers (52%) or children (17%) increased the odds (p < 0.05) of children having a higher UNa-24h. Checking sodium content on food labels and the use of table salt by the children or father was associated with a lower preference for salty foods (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to make parents aware of the relationship between their behaviors regarding the use of discretionary salt and their children's sodium intake. Our data suggest that salt-specific education programs on how to reduce salt both in-home and outside the home should be implemented to improve behavior skills related to salt consumption in parents and children.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6934279
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-69342792020-01-07 The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study Cuadrado-Soto, Esther Peral-Suarez, África Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena Aparicio, Aránzazu Andrés, Pedro Ortega, Rosa M. López-Sobaler, Ana M. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Sodium intake is excessive among Spanish children, but the salt use behaviors of parents and children are unknown. This study aims to determine behaviors related to salt intake in both schoolchildren and parents and the relationship between parental behaviors and 24 h urinary sodium excretion (UNa-24h) in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A convenience sample was taken from a cross-sectional analysis. Parents completed a self-reported questionnaire about their behaviors related to salt, and their responses were compared with the UNa-24h of their own children. The median test was used to identify differences in UNa-24h according to behaviors. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the behaviors of parents and high sodium excretion in the children and the risk of children’s use of table salt, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted by the covariates, were used to study the children’s salt preferences. RESULTS: A total of 329 schoolchildren from different Spanish provinces were included in the study (mean age: 9.0 ± 1.2 years, 157 girls). The majority of families (parents mean age: 42.0 ± 5.2 years) reported adding salt to food during cooking (92%), and 59% of them never looked at the sodium content on food labels. However, none of these behaviors were related to UNa-24h (p > 0.05). The use of iodized salt (53%), the presence of a salt shaker on the table (6%), and the use of table salt by fathers (57%), mothers (52%) or children (17%) increased the odds (p < 0.05) of children having a higher UNa-24h. Checking sodium content on food labels and the use of table salt by the children or father was associated with a lower preference for salty foods (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to make parents aware of the relationship between their behaviors regarding the use of discretionary salt and their children's sodium intake. Our data suggest that salt-specific education programs on how to reduce salt both in-home and outside the home should be implemented to improve behavior skills related to salt consumption in parents and children. Public Library of Science 2019-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6934279/ /pubmed/31881048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227035 Text en © 2019 Cuadrado-Soto et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cuadrado-Soto, Esther
Peral-Suarez, África
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena
Aparicio, Aránzazu
Andrés, Pedro
Ortega, Rosa M.
López-Sobaler, Ana M.
The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title_full The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title_fullStr The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title_short The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study
title_sort association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: a spanish cross-sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6934279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31881048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227035
work_keys_str_mv AT cuadradosotoesther theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT peralsuarezafrica theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT rodriguezrodriguezelena theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT aparicioaranzazu theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT andrespedro theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT ortegarosam theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT lopezsobaleranam theassociationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT cuadradosotoesther associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT peralsuarezafrica associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT rodriguezrodriguezelena associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT aparicioaranzazu associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT andrespedro associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT ortegarosam associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy
AT lopezsobaleranam associationofparentsbehaviorsrelatedtosaltwith24hurinarysodiumexcretionoftheirchildrenaspanishcrosssectionalstudy