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Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers

Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenviron...

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Autores principales: Głuszko, Alicja, Szczepański, Mirosław J., Ludwig, Nils, Mirza, Shafaq M., Olejarz, Wioletta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31915681
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029
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author Głuszko, Alicja
Szczepański, Mirosław J.
Ludwig, Nils
Mirza, Shafaq M.
Olejarz, Wioletta
author_facet Głuszko, Alicja
Szczepański, Mirosław J.
Ludwig, Nils
Mirza, Shafaq M.
Olejarz, Wioletta
author_sort Głuszko, Alicja
collection PubMed
description Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth promote progression and metastatic spread via suppression or modification of the immune response towards cancer cells, regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and therapy resistance. In addition, recent studies in patients with cancer suggest that TEXs could serve as tumor biomarker reflecting partially the genetic and molecular content of the parent cancer cell (i.e., as a so-called “liquid biopsy”). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may have immunotherapeutic applications, or can act as a drug delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules.
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spelling pubmed-69354442020-01-08 Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers Głuszko, Alicja Szczepański, Mirosław J. Ludwig, Nils Mirza, Shafaq M. Olejarz, Wioletta Biomed Res Int Review Article Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth promote progression and metastatic spread via suppression or modification of the immune response towards cancer cells, regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and therapy resistance. In addition, recent studies in patients with cancer suggest that TEXs could serve as tumor biomarker reflecting partially the genetic and molecular content of the parent cancer cell (i.e., as a so-called “liquid biopsy”). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may have immunotherapeutic applications, or can act as a drug delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules. Hindawi 2019-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6935444/ /pubmed/31915681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029 Text en Copyright © 2019 Alicja Głuszko et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Głuszko, Alicja
Szczepański, Mirosław J.
Ludwig, Nils
Mirza, Shafaq M.
Olejarz, Wioletta
Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title_full Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title_fullStr Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title_short Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
title_sort exosomes in cancer: circulating immune-related biomarkers
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31915681
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029
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