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Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers
Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenviron...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31915681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029 |
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author | Głuszko, Alicja Szczepański, Mirosław J. Ludwig, Nils Mirza, Shafaq M. Olejarz, Wioletta |
author_facet | Głuszko, Alicja Szczepański, Mirosław J. Ludwig, Nils Mirza, Shafaq M. Olejarz, Wioletta |
author_sort | Głuszko, Alicja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth promote progression and metastatic spread via suppression or modification of the immune response towards cancer cells, regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and therapy resistance. In addition, recent studies in patients with cancer suggest that TEXs could serve as tumor biomarker reflecting partially the genetic and molecular content of the parent cancer cell (i.e., as a so-called “liquid biopsy”). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may have immunotherapeutic applications, or can act as a drug delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6935444 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69354442020-01-08 Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers Głuszko, Alicja Szczepański, Mirosław J. Ludwig, Nils Mirza, Shafaq M. Olejarz, Wioletta Biomed Res Int Review Article Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth promote progression and metastatic spread via suppression or modification of the immune response towards cancer cells, regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and therapy resistance. In addition, recent studies in patients with cancer suggest that TEXs could serve as tumor biomarker reflecting partially the genetic and molecular content of the parent cancer cell (i.e., as a so-called “liquid biopsy”). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may have immunotherapeutic applications, or can act as a drug delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules. Hindawi 2019-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6935444/ /pubmed/31915681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029 Text en Copyright © 2019 Alicja Głuszko et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Głuszko, Alicja Szczepański, Mirosław J. Ludwig, Nils Mirza, Shafaq M. Olejarz, Wioletta Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title | Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title_full | Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title_short | Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers |
title_sort | exosomes in cancer: circulating immune-related biomarkers |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31915681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029 |
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