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Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes
Objectives: The existing scales for moral judgment in sport have some limitations when used for cognitive neural research. Developing a set of experimental materials with good validity is thus warranted. The purpose of this study was to develop experimental materials that can be used in cognitive ne...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02802 |
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author | Chen, Zuosong Wang, Dong |
author_facet | Chen, Zuosong Wang, Dong |
author_sort | Chen, Zuosong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: The existing scales for moral judgment in sport have some limitations when used for cognitive neural research. Developing a set of experimental materials with good validity is thus warranted. The purpose of this study was to develop experimental materials that can be used in cognitive neuroscience research on moral judgment in sport. Design: Study 1 was a qualitative study and Study 2 used a within-subject design. Method: In Study 1, a qualitative method was adopted to assess types of moral misconduct among Chinese athletes, based on news reports of Chinese athletes' moral misconduct collected from the Internet and from interviews with Chinese elite athletes. In Study 2, typical examples were selected from a qualitative analysis based on the types of moral misconduct observed among athletes in Study 1. The examples were then compiled, controlled, and modified. The validity of the developed experimental materials was evaluated. Results: The moral misconduct observed in Chinese athletes can be divided into the following four categories: violent behavior, doping, match-fixing or tanking, and self-reported dishonesty. Subject analysis and item analysis consistently found that the experimental materials developed for moral judgment based on the four categories were significantly different in six aspects, including the rate of participants' agreement to the proposed resolution [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 236.60, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 471.17, p = 0.00], decision time [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 23.69, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 3.13, p = 0.03], moral conflict [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 3.70, p = 0.01; F(Item(3, 156)) = 10.71, p = 0.00], moral acceptability of the behavior [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 58.22, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 110.69, p = 0.00], emotional valence [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 3.41, p = 0.02; F(Item(3, 156)) = 3.11, p = 0.03], and emotional arousal [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 1.32, p = 0.27; F(Item(3, 156)) = 5.09, p = 0.00]. The experimental materials developed were not affected by the type of sport. Conclusions: The developed experimental materials can be used as experimental materials for cognitive neuroscience research on moral judgment in sport. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6935579 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69355792020-01-09 Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes Chen, Zuosong Wang, Dong Front Psychol Psychology Objectives: The existing scales for moral judgment in sport have some limitations when used for cognitive neural research. Developing a set of experimental materials with good validity is thus warranted. The purpose of this study was to develop experimental materials that can be used in cognitive neuroscience research on moral judgment in sport. Design: Study 1 was a qualitative study and Study 2 used a within-subject design. Method: In Study 1, a qualitative method was adopted to assess types of moral misconduct among Chinese athletes, based on news reports of Chinese athletes' moral misconduct collected from the Internet and from interviews with Chinese elite athletes. In Study 2, typical examples were selected from a qualitative analysis based on the types of moral misconduct observed among athletes in Study 1. The examples were then compiled, controlled, and modified. The validity of the developed experimental materials was evaluated. Results: The moral misconduct observed in Chinese athletes can be divided into the following four categories: violent behavior, doping, match-fixing or tanking, and self-reported dishonesty. Subject analysis and item analysis consistently found that the experimental materials developed for moral judgment based on the four categories were significantly different in six aspects, including the rate of participants' agreement to the proposed resolution [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 236.60, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 471.17, p = 0.00], decision time [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 23.69, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 3.13, p = 0.03], moral conflict [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 3.70, p = 0.01; F(Item(3, 156)) = 10.71, p = 0.00], moral acceptability of the behavior [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 58.22, p = 0.00; F(Item(3, 156)) = 110.69, p = 0.00], emotional valence [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 3.41, p = 0.02; F(Item(3, 156)) = 3.11, p = 0.03], and emotional arousal [F(Subject(3, 184)) = 1.32, p = 0.27; F(Item(3, 156)) = 5.09, p = 0.00]. The experimental materials developed were not affected by the type of sport. Conclusions: The developed experimental materials can be used as experimental materials for cognitive neuroscience research on moral judgment in sport. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6935579/ /pubmed/31920845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02802 Text en Copyright © 2019 Chen and Wang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Chen, Zuosong Wang, Dong Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title | Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title_full | Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title_fullStr | Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title_full_unstemmed | Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title_short | Development of Experimental Materials on Moral Judgment in Sport: Evidence From Chinese Athletes |
title_sort | development of experimental materials on moral judgment in sport: evidence from chinese athletes |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02802 |
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