Recurrent neurenteric cysts compressing the brainstem

BACKGROUND: Neurenteric cysts, also referred to as endodermal cysts and enterogenous cysts, are rare lesions of the neuroaxis occurring most frequently within the spinal cord and rarely intracranially. In the literature describing these lesions, examples of intraoperative imaging and cytology preparations are rare to non-existent. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we describe a case of a recurrent posterior fossa neurenteric cyst compressing the brainstem in a 47-year-old female and causing incontinence and progressive quadriparesis. Intraoperative findings and cytologic and histologic features are presented. CONCLUSION: Neurenteric cysts are generally considered to be benign and slow-growing though recurrence is common. This case of a recurrent neurenteric cyst is illustrated by intraoperative macroscopic and cytologic images.