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Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives

Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease caused equally by four Mycoplasma species, in single or mixed infections. Clinical signs are multiple, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, non-specific, and expressed differently depending whether sheep or goats are a...

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Autores principales: Jaÿ, Maryne, Tardy, Florence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921613
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S201847
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author Jaÿ, Maryne
Tardy, Florence
author_facet Jaÿ, Maryne
Tardy, Florence
author_sort Jaÿ, Maryne
collection PubMed
description Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease caused equally by four Mycoplasma species, in single or mixed infections. Clinical signs are multiple, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, non-specific, and expressed differently depending whether sheep or goats are affected, on causative mycoplasmas as well as type of husbandry. CA has been reported worldwide and its geographic distribution maps to that of small ruminant breeding areas. However, as current diagnostic tests are expensive and difficult to implement, it is certainly underdiagnosed and prevalence data are only available for a few countries. CA control relies on vaccines, chemotherapy and good herd management practices. It requires long-term commitment but is often unsuccessful, with frequent clinical relapses. The persistence of the etiological agents, despite their overall susceptibility to antimicrobials, comes from their genetic plasticity and capacity to escape the host immune response. The existence of asymptomatic carriers and the numerous sources of infections contribute to rapid spread of the disease and complicate the control and prevention efforts. Here we review all these aspects in order to highlight recent progress made and identify gaps in knowledge or tools needed for better disease management. Discussion also underlines the detrimental effect of contagious agalactia on small ruminant welfare.
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spelling pubmed-69381812020-01-09 Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives Jaÿ, Maryne Tardy, Florence Vet Med (Auckl) Review Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease caused equally by four Mycoplasma species, in single or mixed infections. Clinical signs are multiple, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, non-specific, and expressed differently depending whether sheep or goats are affected, on causative mycoplasmas as well as type of husbandry. CA has been reported worldwide and its geographic distribution maps to that of small ruminant breeding areas. However, as current diagnostic tests are expensive and difficult to implement, it is certainly underdiagnosed and prevalence data are only available for a few countries. CA control relies on vaccines, chemotherapy and good herd management practices. It requires long-term commitment but is often unsuccessful, with frequent clinical relapses. The persistence of the etiological agents, despite their overall susceptibility to antimicrobials, comes from their genetic plasticity and capacity to escape the host immune response. The existence of asymptomatic carriers and the numerous sources of infections contribute to rapid spread of the disease and complicate the control and prevention efforts. Here we review all these aspects in order to highlight recent progress made and identify gaps in knowledge or tools needed for better disease management. Discussion also underlines the detrimental effect of contagious agalactia on small ruminant welfare. Dove 2019-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6938181/ /pubmed/31921613 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S201847 Text en © 2019 Jaÿ and Tardy. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Jaÿ, Maryne
Tardy, Florence
Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title_full Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title_fullStr Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title_short Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives
title_sort contagious agalactia in sheep and goats: current perspectives
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921613
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S201847
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