In situ treatment of metalworking wastewater by chemical addition-dissolved air flotation coupled with UV, H(2)O(2) & ZnO

The hybrid treatment techniques have been proven that could be a proper solution to the metalworking fluid (MWF) wastewaters disposal challenge. Hence, this investigation was conducted aim to the assessment of chemical addition-dissolved air floatation (CA-DAF) unit followed with a heterogeneous photocatalytic (PC) process as UV/H(2)O(2)/ZnO to treat MWF wastewater produced in one of the central industrial estates in the Middle East. The CA-DAF unit was implemented as trial and errors and had an appropriate efficiency. However, the environmental discharge standards were not achieved only by this unit, so that, a PC process considered for this purpose in a pilot-scale reactor. And also, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were considered as physicochemical parameters to analyze the applied photochemical reaction throughout the concentrations of ZnO and H(2)O(2), and pH value as variables of the study. The ideal and optimized conditions were observed at pH 10, 600 mg l(−1) of ZnO, and 13.11 g l(−1) of H(2)O(2) via 99.87% and 97.9% reduction rates in total COD and TPH, respectively. These removal rates were obtained for this integrated strategy under the optimized reaction. By evaluating the synergistic effect, it was found that UV/ZnO could be a predominant reaction in this process. The organic and intermediates analysis appeared 78.46% reduction for all detected organic matters. Besides, PC generation of bis phthalate, mono phthalate, benzene, and benzoic acid to 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-mthyl phenol was the reason of the residual phenolic compound concentration in the reaction solution with low removal rate. The kinetic study showed that this reaction could be well fitted with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model by R(2) equal with 0.973 and 0.988 in turn for COD and TPH. The expenditures to treat 1 m(3) of the CA-DAF was estimated at 5.335 us$ via cost analysis. Finally, the collected findings indicate that CA-DAF integrated with UV/H(2)O(2)/ZnO can be an efficient approach in the MWF wastes disposal or treatment for reuse.