Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is associated with better survival than desflurane anesthesia in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery

Previous researches have shown that anesthesia can affect the outcomes of many kinds of cancer after surgery. Here, we investigated the association between anesthesia and patient outcomes after elective open intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received elective open intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery between January 2005 and December 2014. Patients were grouped according to the anesthesia received, that is, propofol or desflurane anesthesia. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed and survival curves were constructed from the date of surgery to death. After propensity matching, univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to compare hazard ratios for death. Subgroup analyses were performed for tumor node metastasis staging and postoperative metastasis and recurrence. A total of 34 patients (21 deaths, 62.0%) with propofol anesthesia and 36 (31 deaths, 86.0%) with desflurane anesthesia were eligible for analysis. After propensity matching, 58 patients remained in each group. In the matched analysis, the propofol anesthesia had a better survival with hazard ratio of 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.94, P = .032) compared with desflurane anesthesia. In addition, subgroup analyses showed that patients under propofol anesthesia had less postoperative metastases (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.88; P = .025), but not fewer postoperative recurrence formation (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.93; P = .746), than those under desflurane anesthesia in the matched groups. In a limited sample size, propofol anesthesia was associated with better survival in open intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery. Prospective and large sample size researches are necessary to evaluate the effects of propofol anesthesia on the surgical outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery.